An experiment is designed to test whether a new drug can be used to reduce auditory hallucinations in schizophrenics. Schizophrenics who experience auditory hallucinations are randomly assigned to receive either a placebo drug, a very low dosage, a moderate dosage, or a high dosage of the drug. The results of the experiment show that the moderate dosage is the most effective. What is the major problem with this experiment? O There is a possible order effect O There is no control group that receives no drug at all O The participants weren't matched for occurence of auditory hallucinations The study isn't a true experiment
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- A neurosurgeon believes that lesions in a particular area of the brain, called the thalamus, will decrease pain perception. If so, this could be important in the treatment of terminal illness that is accompanied by intense pain. As a first attempt to test this hypothesis, he conducts an experiment in which 16 rats are randomly divided into two groups of eight each. Animals in the experimental group receive a small lesion in the part of the thalamus thought to be involved with pain perception. Animals in the control group receive a comparable lesion in a brain area believed to be unrelated to pain. Two weeks after surgery, each animal is given a brief electrical shock to the paws. The shock is administered in an ascending series, beginning with a very low intensity level and increasing until the animal first flinches. In this manner, the pain threshold to electric shock is determined for each rat. The following data are obtained. Each score represents the current level (milli-amperes)…A hearing specialist conducts a study on hearing loss at certain frequencies among a group of patients in a retirement community. Of 94 residents tested, 10 had significant hearing loss at low frequencies but not high, 40 had a significant loss at high frequencies but not low, and 26 showed no significant hearing loss at all. How many residents had hearing loss at both low and high frequencies?A double-blind, randomized comparative experiment compared the effect of the drug lorcaserin and a placebo on weight loss in overweight adults. All subjects also underwent diet and exercise counseling. The study reported that, after one year, patients in the lorcaserin group had an average weight loss of 5.8 kilograms (kg), while those on the placebo had an average weight loss of 2.2 kg (P < 0.001). Explain to someone who knows no statistics why these results mean that there is good reason to think that lorcaserin works. Include an explanation of what P < 0.001 means.
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- Vertical banded gastroplasty is a surgical procedure that reduces the volume of the stomach in order to produce weight loss. In a recent study, 82 patients with Type 2 diabetes underwent this procedure, and 59 of them experienced a recovery from diabetes. Does this study provide convincing evidence that less than 75% of those with diabetes who undergo this surgery will recover from diabetes? Use the =α0.10 level of significance and the P-value method with the TI-84 Plus calculator. STATE THE NULL AND ALT HYPA pharmaceutical company wants to test whether Aspirin 1 is as effective as Aspirin 2. A random sample of 400 people with headaches are given Aspirin 1 and 260 report they feel better within 1 hour. Another independent random sample of 350 people with headaches are given Aspirin 2 and 220 report they feel better within 1 hour.a) At the 1% level of significance, does there appear to be a difference in theeffectiveness of the 2 types of Aspirin?b) What is the p-value?A psychologist is interested in people’s assessment of life happiness and how it relates to positive lifestyle changes. The researcher randomly assigns 42 individuals to one of two groups: Exercise Only, and Exercise and Healthy Eating. The researcher believes that Group 1 (n = 21; Exercise and Healthy Eating) will be significantly happier than Group 2 (n = 21; Exercise Only). Perform the correct test of significance, with alpha = .05. Be sure to write out your hypotheses and final decision.