ANALYSIS OF URINE B. INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS 1. Calcium - to 2 ml urine, add 3 drops of 2% potassium oxalate solution. Note precipitate formation. Filter and test the filtrate for further precipitation by adding K oxalate dropwise until no more precipitate is formed. Filter and use the filtrate for the next test. 2. Magnesium –place red litmus paper in the filtrate and add drop by drop 10% NH 4 OH to the filtrate in no.1 until the solution is alkaline to the litmus paper (litmus paper should change its color to blue). Set aside and observe if a precipitate is formed. 3. Chlorides –place blue litmus paper to 2 ml urine add HNO 3 solution dropwise until solution is acidic when litmus paper changes color to red. Add a few drops of AgNO 3 and observe. 4. Sulfates–place blue litmus paper to 2 ml urine, add several drops of HCl until solution is acidic when litmus paper changes to red. Then add 10% BaCl 2 drop by drop until a precipitate is formed. 5. Phosphates a. Phosphates of Ca and Mg –place red litmus paper to 5 ml urine, add dilute NH 4 OH until the mixture is alkaline to litmus paper when litmus paper changes to blue. Warm gently the solution and filter. Save filtrate for next test. b. Phosphates of Na, K, NH 4 - to the filtrate in 5a, add a small amount of magnesia mixture. Warm the mixture gently and observe the nature and amount of precipitate formed compared to that in 5a.
ANALYSIS OF URINE
B. INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS
1. Calcium - to 2 ml urine, add 3 drops of 2% potassium oxalate solution. Note
precipitate formation. Filter and test the filtrate for further precipitation by
adding K oxalate dropwise until no more precipitate is formed. Filter and use
the filtrate for the next test.
2. Magnesium –place red litmus paper in the filtrate and add drop by drop 10%
NH 4 OH to the filtrate in no.1 until the solution is alkaline to the litmus paper
(litmus paper should change its color to blue). Set aside and observe if a
precipitate is formed.
3. Chlorides –place blue litmus paper to 2 ml urine add HNO 3 solution dropwise
until solution is acidic when litmus paper changes color to red. Add a few
drops of AgNO 3 and observe.
4. Sulfates–place blue litmus paper to 2 ml urine, add several drops of HCl until
solution is acidic when litmus paper changes to red. Then add 10% BaCl 2 drop
by drop until a precipitate is formed.
5. Phosphates
a. Phosphates of Ca and Mg –place red litmus paper to 5 ml urine, add dilute
NH 4 OH until the mixture is alkaline to litmus paper when litmus paper
changes to blue. Warm gently the solution and filter. Save filtrate for next
test.
b. Phosphates of Na, K, NH 4 - to the filtrate in 5a, add a small amount of
magnesia mixture. Warm the mixture gently and observe the nature and
amount of precipitate formed compared to that in 5a.
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