Annealing is a process by which steel is reheated and then cooled to make it less brittle. Consider the reheat stage for a 100-mm-thick teel plate (p = 7830 kg/m³, c = 550 J/kg-K, k = 48 W/m-K), which is initially at a uniform temperature of T; = 140°C and is to be heated to a minimum temperature of 550°C. Heating is effected in a gas-fired furnace, where products of combustion at T = 800°C naintain a convection coefficient of h = 250 W/m²-K on both surfaces of the plate. How long should the plate be left in the furnace? The plate should be left in the furnace for sec

Annealing is a process by which steel is reheated and then cooled to make it less brittle. Consider the reheat stage for a 100-mm-thick teel plate (p = 7830 kg/m³, c = 550 J/kg-K, k = 48 W/m-K), which is initially at a uniform temperature of T; = 140°C and is to be heated to a minimum temperature of 550°C. Heating is effected in a gas-fired furnace, where products of combustion at T = 800°C naintain a convection coefficient of h = 250 W/m²-K on both surfaces of the plate. How long should the plate be left in the furnace? The plate should be left in the furnace for sec

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305387102

Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Publisher:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Chapter1: Basic Modes Of Heat Transfer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.60P: 1.60 Two electric resistance heaters with a 20 cm length and a 2 cm diameter are inserted into a...

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1.60 Two electric resistance heaters with a 20 cm length and a 2 cm diameter are inserted into a well-insulated 40-L tank of water that is initially at 300 K. If each heater dissipates 500 W, what is the time required for bringing the water temperature in the tank to 340 K? State your assumption for your analysis.
Example 9: A 2-kW resistance heater wire whose thermal conductivity is k = 15 W/m ·°C has a diameter of D = 4 mm and a length of L = 0.5 m, and is used to boil water. If the outer surface temperature of the resistance wire is Ts = 105°C, determine the temperature at the center of the wire.
An ordinary egg can be approximated as a 5.5-cm-diameter sphere whose properties are roughly k=0.6 W/m.oC and a=0.14 x 10-6 m2/s. The egg is initially at a uniform temperature of 8 oC and is dropped into boiling water at 97 oC. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h=1400 W/m2.oC, determine how long it will take for the center of the egg to reach 70oC.
A long homogeneous resistance wire of radius r0 = 2 cm, and thermal conductivity k = 25 W/m°C is being used to boil water. Heat is generated in the wire uniformly as a result of resistance heating at a rate of q.=10x105W/m3 If the outer surface temperature of the wire is measured to be Ts = 120 °C, obtain a relation for the temperature distribution, and determine the temperature at the centerline of the wire for steady operating conditions
A long 35-cm-diameter cylindrical shaft made of stainless steel 304 (k = 14.9 W/m·K, r = 7900 kg/m3, cp = 477 J/kg·K, and a 5 3.95 * 10-6 m2/s) comes out of an oven at a uniform temperature of 400°C. The shaft is then allowed to cool slowly in a chamber at 150°C with an average convection heat transfer coefficient of h = 60 W/m2·K. Determine the temperature at the center of the shaft 20 min after the start of the cooling process. Also, determine the heat transfer per unit length of the shaft during this time period. Solve this problem using analytical one-term approximation method (not the Heisler charts).
Question -) Consider a stainless steel spoon (k = 15 W/m·K) partially immersed in boiling water at 95°C in a kitchen at 25°C. The handle of the spoon has a cross section of 0.2cm x 1.2 cm, and extends 18 cm in the air from the free surface of the water. If the heat transfer coefficient at the exposed surfaces of the spoon handle is 15 W/m2·°C, determine the temperature difference across the exposed surface of the spoon handle. State your assumptions.
In a power plant, pipes transporting superheated vapor are very common. In a certain plant, superheated vapor is flowing at a rate of 0.3 kg/s inside a 5 cm diameter pipe of 10 m length. The air in the plant is maintained at 20oC while the surface temperature of the pipe is 100oC. If the temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 30oC and the specific heat capacity of the vapor is 2190 kJ/kg.K, determine the convective heat transfer coefficient at the pipe surface. If necessary, how could this coefficient be increased?
Consider water (at a temperature of 276 K ) flowing inside a cylindrical pipe, having a diameter of 0.1 m and a thin wall. Under specific circumstances, temperature at the wall of the pipe reaches 258 K that helps form a layer of ice on the inner side of the wall of the pipe. Temperature and convection heat transfer coefficient at the inner surface of the ice layer are 273 K and 1500m2⋅Kw, respectively. Determine how thick the ice layer should be?
The 8-mm-thick bottom of a 220-mm-diameter pan may be made from aluminum (k = 240 W/m · K) or copper (k = 390 W/m · K). When used to boil water, the surface of the bottom exposed to the water is nominally at 110°C. If heat is transferred from the stove to the pan at a rate of 600 W, what is the temperature of the surface in contact with the stove for each of the two materials?
A pipe in a manufacturing plant is transporting superheated vapor at a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The pipe is 10 m long and has an inner diameter of 5 cm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. The pipe has a thermal conductivity of 17 W/m·K, and the inner pipe surface is at a uniform temperature of 120°C. The temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 7°C, and the constant pressure specific heat of vapor is 2190 J/kg·°C. If the air temperature in the manufacturing plant is 25°C, determine the heat transfer coefficient as a result of convection between the outer pipe surface and the surrounding air.
In a food industry, pieces of meat with approximately 30 cm in diameter and 20 mm in thickness are stored in a industrial freezer and thawed by exposure to ambient air at 15°C with convective heat transfer coefficient equal to 10W/(m2.K). Consider a piece of meat that, when removed from the freezer, had a temperature of -12°C. For defrosting, the piece is hung on a "line", so that both larger surfaces are exposed to the ambient air. For frozen meat, the following properties can be assumed ρ=1090 kg/m3, cp=3.54 kJ/(kg.K), k=0.47 W/(m.K). Ask: (1) Indicating the control volume and the simplifications adopted, obtain the differential energy balance equation for the cooling the piece of meat and describe the conditions of outline and initial that apply to the process, justifying them; (2) Use the appropriate analytical solution to determine the time necessary for the complete defrosting of the part. The part is considered to be completely thawed when a minimum temperature of 5oC is reached…
During a fire, the trunks of some dry oak trees (k = 0.17 W/m·K and a = 1.28 * 10-7 m2/s) that are initially at a uniform temperature of 30°C are exposed to hot gases at 520°C for a period of 5 h, with a heat transfer coefficient of 65 W/m2·K on the surface. The ignition temperature of the trees is 410°C. Treating the trunks of the trees as long cylindrical rods of diameter 20 cm, determine if these dry trees will ignite as the fire sweeps through them. Solve this problem using analytical one-term approximation method (not the Heisler charts).