Approximately what amount (in Sv) of short-term exposure to radiation produces noticeable effects in humans?

Q: What forms of mercury are most toxic to organisms?

A: Mercury is a toxic element present naturally and it is an introduced contaminant in the environment.…

Q: Define briefly the term radioactivity.

A: Radioactive atoms contain energy that pours out spontaneously as energetic subatomic particles or…

Q: At high concentration which oxides are poisonous?

A: The major contributors of the air pollution are nitrogen oxides. They have role in the formation of…

Q: What Form of energy is present in UV radiation ?

A: Ultraviolet radiation or UV radiation:It can be defined as the light in the range of wavelengths…

Q: What is the best definition of radiation

A: Radiation can be defined as the emission and propagation of energy in the form of waves, rays or…

Q: 14.22. Calculate the penetration depth of 100-MHz radiation in fat and in muscle.

A: Introduction: The tissue that stores fat in humans is called 'adipose tissue'. It is composed of…

Q: What are the differences between absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose for ionization…

A: Radiation dose is measured as the amount of radiation exposure. There are three kinds of dose…

Q: Give short term and long terms effects on radioactivity.

A: Unstable atomic nucleus emits out energy to stabilize it and this phenomenon is called as…

Q: A drug that delivers 500 mg has a half-life of 4 hours. How many milligrams of drug will remain in…

A: The accurate concentration of the drug in the body should be calculated to ensure the best…

Q: Define radiation and irradiation.

A: Ionizing radiation: It is a form of energy produce by atoms that move in a form of electromagnetic…

Q: What are the main sources of background radiation?

A: Natural background (NBR) radiation is considered as the amount of ionizing radiation present in the…

Q: What is the unknown isotope in the following fission reaction: n + 235U → 131I + ? + 3nA. 86Rb…

A: Nuclear fission is a process in nuclear physics in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or…

Q: Phosphorus-32, a radioisotope used in leukemia therapy, has a half-life of about 14 days.…

A: Given values: Half life of P32 = 14 days

Q: How do we understand biological effects of ionizing radiation?

A: The basic mechanism of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.

Q: Identify the beneficial and harmful uses of radiation

A: Radiation can be defined as the transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or…

Q: What are some risks associated with long term exposure to radiation

A: Exposure to very high levels of radiation, such as being close to an atomic blast, can cause acute…

Q: A worker in a nuclear power station receives the following radiations while working in 1 year: 85mGy…

A: Introduction :- Radiation is energy that originates from a source and travels at the speed of light…

Q: Explain about Radioactive

A: Elements contain atoms that all have a similar number of protons in their atomic nuclei. The…

Q: list the types of acute phase reactants .

A: Acute phase reactants are the group of plasma proteins whose concentration increases or decreases In…

Q: Give various man made sources of radiations.

A: Radiation is the energy that comes from a source and travels through space and may be able to…

Q: What is radiation? Differentiate between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in their mode of action

A: There are two types of radiation that are majorly used. They are known as ionizing radiation and…

Q: What are the toxic responses of microwave radiation?

A: According to the question, we will discuss the toxic responses of microwave responses. So, let us…

Q: How does ionizing radiation lead to cell damage?

A: Ionizing radiation has the capacity to damage the cells.

Q: 430 rads of αα-particle radiation is equivalent to how many rads of X-rays in terms of biological…

A:

Q: In a nuclear waste management accident, alpha particles with an RBE of 19.0 deliver a dose of 0.0940…

A: Biological equivalent dose (BED) is the dose that causes biological damage based on the absorbed…

Q: What is the difference between lethal dose and lethal concentration?

A: Lethal dose as the term suggests is the amount/quantity of the substance that ensures the death of…

Q: Differentiate between ionizing and nonionizing radiation in theirmodes of action.

A: Radiation is the transmission or emission of energy from a source in the form of particles or waves…

Q: How do you eliminate radiation from inside of the body?

A: Radiations are often hazardous to the life and health of a person. Radiation produced by radioactive…

Q: What acute dose below will cause radiation sickness but not death? 200 rem 2000 rem O200 mrem O 20…

A: At high radiation doses, a human cell can be damaged so severely that it will die. At lower doses,…

Q: How human radiation exposure arises ?

A: Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves through space and travel…

Q: What characteristic of uranium-235 fission causes a chain reaction?

A: The nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay method in which the nucleus of an…

Q: What are some contaminants of radiation?

A: Radioactive elements emit energy, known as radiation, that spreads as either waves or particles.…

Q: 100 µc of a radioactive material injected in a patient. If its physical half fife time is 30 days…

A: Half live (t1/2) of a radioactive material is the amount of time taken for the activity of the…

Q: Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of Bi-214.

A: The bismuth-214 atom has an atomic number of 83 and an atomic mass of 214. Most of the known bismuth…

Q: 2. The half-value layer of 140 keV y-ray of Tc-99m is approximately 0.03 cm of lead. Calculate…

A: Given ,  HVL = 0.03 cm   The half-value layer is given by ,…

Q: What types of radiation would you expect to have the highest biological effectiveness factor?

A: Radiation is that the emission or transmission of energy within the kind of waves or particles…

Q: Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Po-214.

A: The radioactive decay process is defined as the loss of energy by an unstable nucleus via emitting…

Q: Define the terms below i. Radioisotope ii. Decay series iii. Radioactive decay energy and its units…

A: 1. Radioisotope: It is an unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks…

Q: What three elements are required to start and sustain a fire?

A: For a chemical reaction to carry out, we need chemical compounds, atoms, or some molecules to react…

Q: What are the toxic responses of the heavy metal, nickel?

A: Heavy metal poisoning is when heavy metals accumulate in the body in high amounts that can be toxic.…

Q: Why do doctors not accept HMO?

A: HMO is an abbreviation for Health Maintenance Organization. HMOs provide insurance coverage for…

Q: What are the types of chromatography ?

A: Chromatography is a process of separation of mixtures which is dissolved in a fluid called the…

Q: Find the approximate radiation dose (in mSv) for 0.1 Gy exposure to thermal neutrons. (Hint:…

A: A gray (Gy) is the SI-derived unit of absorbed dose and specific energy (energy per unit mass)  A…

Q: Define the following terms: a. radiationless decay b. P700 c. P680 d. c = λv e. UV

A: Introduction: Photosystems are the large complexes of proteins and pigments optimized to harvest…

Q: A. 29 mGy 42. A patient received a full-body gamma ray dose of 26 rad, a neutron dose (22 MeV) of 88…

A: The limit of annual effective dose is 1mSv in some countries like canada.  Effective dose is…

Q: Why is it often difficult to identify the real risks of chronic exposure to a certain chemical?

A: Even if someone has dealt with chemicals before in the household or in other contexts, it's crucial…