aw- Let Z[/2] = {a +b/2 |a, b e Z} and let H = { b а 2b : a,b eZ }. a Show that Z[ /2] and H are isomorphic as rings.
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- Let R be a commutative ring with characteristic 2. Show that each of the following is true for all x,yR a. (x+y)2=x2+y2 b. (x+y)4=x4+y424. If is a commutative ring and is a fixed element of prove that the setis an ideal of . (The set is called the annihilator of in the ring .)Let R be a commutative ring with unity whose only ideals are {0} and R Prove that R is a field.(Hint: See Exercise 30.)
- a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that the characteristic of R[ x ] is the same as the characteristic of R. b. State the characteristic of Zn[ x ]. c. State the characteristic of Z[ x ].If R1 and R2 are subrings of the ring R, prove that R1R2 is a subring of R.22. Let be a ring with finite number of elements. Show that the characteristic of divides .