(b) Show that if : R→ S is only assumed to be a ring homomorphism, then it is possible to have a zero divisor z R for which o(r) is not a zero divisor in S.
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- 18. Let be a commutative ring with unity, and let be the principal ideal in . Prove that is isomorphic to .[Type here] 23. Let be a Boolean ring with unity. Prove that every element ofexceptandis a zero divisor. [Type here]11. a. Give an example of a ring of characteristic 4, and elements in such that b. Give an example of a noncommutative ring with characteristic 4, and elements in such that .
- 21. Prove that if a ring has a finite number of elements, then the characteristic of is a positive integer.a. If R is a commutative ring with unity, show that the characteristic of R[ x ] is the same as the characteristic of R. b. State the characteristic of Zn[ x ]. c. State the characteristic of Z[ x ].17. Suppose is a ring with positive characteristic. Prove that if is any ideal of then is a multiple of the characteristic of.
- A Boolean ring is a ring in which all elements x satisfy x2=x. Prove that every Boolean ring has characteristic 2.12. Let be a commutative ring with prime characteristic . Prove, for any in that for every positive integer .An element a of a ring R is called nilpotent if an=0 for some positive integer n. Prove that the set of all nilpotent elements in a commutative ring R forms a subring of R.
- True or False Label each of the following statements as either true or false. 4. If a ring has characteristic zero, then must have an infinite number of elements.Let I be an ideal in a ring R with unity. Prove that if I contains an element a that has a multiplicative inverse, then I=R.24. If is a commutative ring and is a fixed element of prove that the setis an ideal of . (The set is called the annihilator of in the ring .)