Bob uses the RSA cryptosystem to allow people to send him encrypted messages. He selects the parameters: p=3,q=17,e=3,d=11
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Bob uses the RSA cryptosystem to allow people to send him encrypted messages. He selects the parameters:
p=3,q=17,e=3,d=11
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- alice wants to send to all her friends, including bob, the message "SELLEVERYTHING" so that be knows that she sent it. What should she send to her friends, assuming she signs the message using the RSA cryptosystem.In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…In cryptography, a Caesar cipher is a very simple encryption techniques in which each letter in the plain text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals. ROT-13 (“rotate by 13 places”) is a widely used example of a Caesar cipher where the shift is 13. In Python, the key for ROT-13 may be represented by means of the following dictionary: key = {‘a’:’n’, ‘b’:’o’, ‘c’:’p’, ‘d’:’q’, ‘e’:’r’, ‘f’:’s’, ‘g’:’t’, ‘h’:’u’,‘i’:’v’, ‘j’:’w’, ‘k’:’x’, ‘l’:’y’, ‘m’:’z’, ‘n’:’a’, ‘o’:’b’, ‘p’:’c’,‘q’:’d’, ‘r’:’e’, ‘s’:’f’, ‘t’:’g’, ‘u’:’h’, ‘v’:’i’, ‘w’:’j’, ‘x’:’k’,‘y’:’l’, ‘z’:’m’, ‘A’:’N’, ‘B’:’O’, ‘C’:’P’, ‘D’:’Q’, ‘E’:’R’, ‘F’:’S’,‘G’:’T’, ‘H’:’U’, ‘I’:’V’, ‘J’:’W’, ‘K’:’X’, ‘L’:’Y’, ‘M’:’Z’, ‘N’:’A’,‘O’:’B’, ‘P’:’C’, ‘Q’:’D’, ‘R’:’E’, ‘S’:’F’, ‘T’:’G’, ‘U’:’H’, ‘V’:’I’,‘W’:’J’, ‘X’:’K’,…
- RSA involves a public key and a private key. The public key can be known to everyone and is used for encrypting messages. Messages encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted using the private key. Generate Public and private keys for the below given prime numbers: p = 13339 q = 13499 p = 98981, q = 98993 All the steps in generating the keys need to be shown clearly.Using Python, Many user-created passwords are simple and easy to guess. Write a program that takes a simple password and makes it stronger by replacing characters using the key below, and by appending "q*s" to the end of the input string. i becomes ! a becomes @ m becomes M B becomes 8 o becomes . Ex: If the input is: mypassword the output is: Myp@ssw.rdq*sBob and Alice want to send each other secret messages that no one else will have access to. They have decided that they will use a locked box to hold the secret messages, and they will drop the box off in each other’s mailboxes. The problem is that if they use a combination lock, they will have to send the combination to the box and someone might intercept it. Here are the materials they have access to: A box that can be locked with a combination lock Two combination locks (the kinds that click shut that you might use on a school locker) Paper Pencil Describe a protocol Bob and Alice can set up to deliver these messages securely.
- Introductory: The Caesar Cipher technique is one of the earliest and simplest methods of encryption techniques. It is simply a type of substitution cipher, i.e., each letter of a given text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials. Thus, to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as a shift which indicates the number of positions each letter of the text has been moved down. The encryption can be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1 ,…, Z = 25. Encryption of a letter by a shift n can be described mathematically as. En(x) = (x+n) mod 26 (Encryption Phase with shift n) Write an algorithm and implement a program in C to read the data from a file (called…Perform encryption and decryption using the RSA algorithm, as in the slides, for the following examples 1. p = 13; 9 = 31, e = 19; M = 22. p = 11; q = 31, e = 7; M = 43. p = 3; 9 = 17, e = 5; M = 54. p = 5; = q = 17, e = 7; M = 65. p = 7; q = 17, e = 29; M = 3In Python, Solve the locker riddle which reads as follows:Imagine 100 lockers numbered 1 to 100 with 100 students lined up in front of those 100lockers:The first student opens every locker.The second student closes every 2nd locker.The 3rd student changes every 3rd locker; if it’s closed, she opens it; if it’s open, she closes it.The 4th student changes every fourth locker (e.g., 4th, 8th, etc.).The 5th student changes every 5th locker (e.g., 5th, 10th, etc.).That same pattern continues for all 100 students. Which lockers are left open after all 100 students have walked the rowof lockers?
- Recall that your grandmother has three cookie jars: one with her cookies and two empty decoys that set off an alarm when opened. She has devised a new method to thwart cookie thieves. The jar with the cookies has a true statement on it, while each empty jar has a false statement on it. They are labeled like this: -Blue jar, which has the following statement written on it: "The Green Jar is empty" -Red jar, which has the following statement written on it: "This jar has the cookies" -Green jar, which has the following statement written on it: "The red is empty" Which jar has the cookies? Explain your reasoning clearly.Alice wants to send Bob her account number for his dining dollars. Bob’s account number is 24. Bob wants to encrypt her account number using the RSA algorithm scheme as evil Eve wants to steal her money to buy M&Ms. Bob chooses two prime numbers, 23 and 37, and uses them to compute the number m. Bob then computes the number e and the number d by using things he knows about the number m and its relationship to e. Bob sends the number e and the number m to Alice and she uses them to encrypt her number A and obtains the number C. C is the encrypted version of her code. Alice sends the number C to Bob, and then Bob uses the number d to decrypt Alice’s message. Using this information, encrypt and decrypt the message to show that the RSA algorithm works, then in a few words explain what makes the algorithm secure if the key for encrypting is always public.A band of thieves comes up with a series of rules for hiding their loot so that they are always able to find it. The rules are as follows: If the house is next to a lake, then the treasure does not go in the kitchen If the tree in the front yard is an elm, then the treasure is in the kitchen The tree in the front yard is an elm or the treasure is buried under the flagpole If the tree in the backyard is an oak then the treasure is in the garage. You observe that the house where the treasure is hidden is next to a lake. Where is the treasure? discrete math