c) Figure 3 depicts a section of printed circuit carrying a current / of 100mA. The incoming and outgoing conductors are long, have negligible width and are connected at their ends by a conductive bridge where d = 2 mm. d I A Figure 3 Assuming the relative permeability of the substrate μr = 1, calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic flux density at the position A shown.

Amagnetic field is being generated by a current of 2.0A flowing through 180 turns of wire on a core having a reluctance of 210000.0 At/Wb. Determine the flux of the circuit in mWb.

The saturation curve of a particular core material shows that at a magnetic field intensity of 1250 At/m and the flux density is 0.80 Tesla. Determine the relative permeability of the core material.

1.2 Magnetic Circuits The figure shows a ferromagnetic core whose mean path length is 40cm. There is a small gap of 0.05 cm in the structure of the otherwise whole core. The cross-sectional area of the core is 12 cm², the relative permeability of the core is 4000, and the coil of wire on the core has 400 turns. Assume that fringing in the air gap increases the effective cross-sectional area of the air gap by 5 percent. Mr = 4000 N=400 turns ·25.4m² Il=0.0005m A=0.0012 m² Given this information: a) Find the total reluctance of the flux path (iron plus air gap). b) Find the current required to produce a flux density of 0.5 T in the air gap. c) Qualitatively describe the effect of the air gap on the magnetic circuit.