(c) The process of fetching the next instruction when the present instruction is being executed is termed instruction pipelining. With an instruction pipeline, having separate instruction and data memories allows the CPU to do more at the same time. A typical instruction has the following five stages: i) f- fetch instruction from memory ii) r- decode instruction, and read register operands ii) a - execute instruction using ALU (arithmetic logic unit), or calculate address iv) d – access data memory (load or store) v) w – write result back to register Using a diagram, illustrate how the pipelining process achieves a performance of one instruction per clock cycle. How does caching help in microprocessors used for general-purpose computing?

(c) The process of fetching the next instruction when the present instruction is being executed is termed instruction pipelining. With an instruction pipeline, having separate instruction and data memories allows the CPU to do more at the same time. A typical instruction has the following five stages: i) f- fetch instruction from memory ii) r- decode instruction, and read register operands ii) a - execute instruction using ALU (arithmetic logic unit), or calculate address iv) d – access data memory (load or store) v) w – write result back to register Using a diagram, illustrate how the pipelining process achieves a performance of one instruction per clock cycle. How does caching help in microprocessors used for general-purpose computing?

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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2- Show how each of the following MIPS instructions is converted into machine code. Assume the memory address of the first instruction is 100 hex. addi $t0, $Zero, -50 andi $t1, $t0, 7 Loop:and $t1,$t0,$t1 Sw $t0, 40 ($t1) Bne $t1,$ zero, Loop
- Consider that each instruction require 6 steps (phases) to execute and each (step) phase takes 5 seconds to complete. Also, within each instruction it requires 3 seconds time gap between end of completion one step (phase) and beginning of next step (phase). b. Design and reflec on a suitable pipeline technique using which time taken for executing all 3 programs can be further improved. Calculate the improved time using this method by considering that instruction require same number of steps to complete and time taken for each step is same and time gap between each steps is also same?
Microprocessors Fill in the following blanks with appropriate answers 4. If there is a carry from lowest nibble during addition, …………. flag sets.5. …………. register is used as a default counter in case of string and loop instructions.6. In PUSH instruction, after each execution of the instruction, the stack pointer is
1. In this exercise we examine in detail how an instruction is executed in a single cycle datapath. Problems in this exercise refer to a clock cycle in which the processor fetches the following instruction word: 10001100101001100000000000111000 Assume that the data memory is all zeros and that the processor’s registers have the following values at the beginning of the cycle in which the above instruction word is fetched: R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R8 R12 R3 1 0 1 -2 4 -6 4 -10 -12 -14 31 a. What are the outputs of the sign-extend and the jump “Shift-Left-2” (near the top of the following Figure) for this instruction word? b. What are the values of ALU control unit’s inputs (ALUOp and Instruction operation) for this instruction? c. For the ALU and the two add units, what are their data input values? ALU Add (PC+4) Add (Branch) Input#1 Input#2 Input#1 Input#2 Input#1 Input#2
CORRECT AND DETAILED ANSWER Assume that the contents in AX and BX are signed numbers and the contents in CX and DX are unsigned numbers. Please use a comparison instruction and a conditional transfer instruction to accomplish the following tasks. If the content in BX is larger than that in AX, transfer to execute the instruction with a label of EXCEED. If the content in BX is larger than or equal to that in AX, transfer to execute the instruction with a label of EXCEED.
80/20 rule states that 80% of the instruction ios executed and 20% of the instruction is generated is it true?
1- Show how each of the following MIPS instructions is converted into machine code. Assume the memory address of the first instruction is 100 hex. addi $t0, $Zero, -50 andi $t1, $t0, 7 Loop:and $t1,$t0,$t1 Sw $t0, 40 ($t1) Bne $t1,$ zero, Loop 2- What is the MIPS assembly instruction for the following machine code? 0x8C220004
For the following MIPS assembly instructions what is the corresponding C statement? Assume that variables f,g,h,i, and j are assigned to registers $s0, $s1, $s2, $s3, and $s4. Assume that the base address of the arrays A and B are in registers $s6 and $s7, respectively. Add comments for each line to describe what each instruction does. addi $t0, $s6, 4 # $t0 = &A+4 = &A[1] add $t1, $s6, $zero # sw $t1, 0($t0) # lw $t0, 0($t0) # add $s0, $t1, $t0 #
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Please indicate whether this following statements are true or false and WHY? The MIPS load instruction needs to access memory once. If a branch is taken, the PC will be set to the next sequential instruction. To optimize performance in general, we should first focus on the rare cases.
In this case, every instruction receives its own data, independent of how the data for other instructions is obtained. We make advantage of a: A Multiple Data/Instruction B Multiple Iterations of Data or Instruction C Singular Data Single Inst D Singe Inst Multiple
The inclusion of a "backup" instruction in a design for an instruction set is what is meant by the term "orthogonality." This "backup" instruction may be substituted for any other instruction that accomplishes the same goal. Could you kindly tell me whether or not it is accurate?