Can S-layer proteins be detected by immunolabelling when a capsule is present? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer
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Can S-layer proteins be detected by immunolabelling when a capsule is present? How do you know?
I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer
link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/
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- Borrelia hermsii is a spirochete bacterium, transmitted by tick bites, that causes an illness characterized by a relapsing fever. The bacteria enter the host bloodstream and replicate there. Studies in mice show that episodes of bacteremia (bacteria in the blood) are efficiently controlled by anti-bacterial antibodies, but interestingly, follicular B cells are not required for this response, nor is the response impaired by splenectomizing the mice (i.e., removing the spleen). Which B cells are most likely responsible for this antibody response?How does a rapid test detecting RSV work and what kind of binding does it use (competitve, sandwich, indirect)? Explain using anti-rsv antibody conjugated with gold nanoparticle, anti-rsv antibody, and anti-human IgG. Draw a diagram if possible.When a mixture of different IgG antibody proteins are treated with the enzyme papain, each antibody is cleaved into three roughly equal size fragments. From each original antibody, two of the three fragments are identical to each other, and represent the ‘arms’ of the antibody ‘Y’. These fragments are known as Fab fragments. The third fragment is known as the Fc region, because this fragment will crystallize when purified. The reason a mixture of Fc fragments will crystallize is because: It is the only part of the antibody protein that can easily be purified at the high concentrations needed for crystallization. It has no disulfide bonds holding the domains together, as disulfide bonds will inhibit crystallization. It is the only fragment of the antibody that still has disulfide bonds, so it remains intact during the crystallization process. The Fc fragments of IgG are much more water soluble than the Fab fragments. All Fc fragments generated from a mixture of IgG molecules have the…
- To probe for presence tubulin in protein samples by western blot you use a anti tubulin monoclonal antibody. Which of the following secondary antibody should be used? one produced by a sheep immunized with goat antibodies. one produced by a donkey immunized with rabbit antibodies one produced by a goat immunized with mouse antibodies one produced by a frog immunized with hamster antibodiesThis is an SDS-PAGE of an antibody purification sample with IgG seperated from a Bovine Calf serum. Would you be able to describe the bands that are appearing and why it appeared on the gel this way? As well, a western blot was done after the SDS-PAGE and the bands that appeared were at 50 kDa and 150 kDa for the IgG and two elution lanes. May you please explain?How does the formation of a colored product in the wells durin a ELISA ASSAY demonstrate characteristics of antigen-antibody recognition? How might concentration of antigen and/or antibody affect the formation of the blue color formation expected.
- All of the antibodies are shown with just one antigen binding site occupied. If a single antibody bound to two bacteriophages, how would this affect the results?In the more common protocol for immunofluorescence detection of cellular proteins, an investigator uses two antibodies. The first binds specifically to the protein of interest. The second is labeled with fluorochromes for easy visualization, and it binds to the first antibody. In principle, one could simply label the first antibody and skip one step. Why use two successive antibodies?Many antibodies exhibit dosage, discuss the antibodies that exhibit dosage and how it is demonstrated in heterozygous/homozygous cells. Additionally, in some cases, if an antibody is just starting to develop, it may not react with a heterozygous cell, discuss the reasons for this.
- hypothetically speaking, if a rapid test was being made to detect RSV (RSV antigen), the conjugate pad would contain the anti-RSV antibody conjugated with HRP. The test line would be the anti-RSV antibody. What would be a suitable control antibody to use?Which of the IgG subclasses would you think was in principle most desirable for use as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody, and why? Are there any disadvantages to using this subclass and how might they be overcome?With regard to the experiment described in Figure shown, Explain why an antibody was used to remove the bacteria thatwere not transformed. What would the results look like, in allfive cases, if the antibody/centrifugation step had not beenincluded in the experimental procedure?