Chapter 12 Objectives Describe diverse forms of the virion, or virus particle.

Q: In social insects, colonies often consist of a queen and workers. The workers are typically…

A: Social insects, such as ants, offer a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of altruistic…

Q: What possible damage could a person cause if he/she used a Proxy brush on healthy, normal size and…

A: Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for healthy gums and teeth. Using dental tools like proxy…

Q: Draw a relaxed and contracted sarcomere and label the parts of the Z-discs, thick and thin…

A: The tightening, decreasing, or lengthening of muscles during an activity is known as muscular…

Q: In multicelllular organisms, cells are held together in a few different ways.what are three ways…

A: In the case of multicellular organisms the adjacent cells are held together by different types of…

Q: What evidence supports the idea that Neanderthals engaged in intentional burial practices?

A: Neanderthal man was an ancient archaic species of humans that got extinct.  They were best known for…

Q: In what ways are floral traits similar or different between hawkmoth and bat pollination syndromes

A: The transfer of pollen grain from male anther of a flower to the female stigma is known as…

Q: What cross will result in a ratio of 3 dominant phenotype offspring for every 1 recessive offspring?…

A: In genetics, a genetic cross is defined as an experimental procedure whereby individuals who have…

Q: 2. Consider a hypothetical organism that produces 12 moles of NADH and 2 moles of FADH2 during the…

A: NAD2H generated by glycolysis is unable to enter inside mitochondria for electron transport chain as…

Q: When you are loading the DNA ladder into your gel the volume needed is 5uL. The appropriate…

A: Micropipette is an essential laboratory instrument which is used to measure a particular volume of…

Q: Why is it important to be able to accurately measure protein content in a sample? For example, by…

A: Accurate measurement of protein content in various samples is a fundamental aspect of scientific…

Q: Using the techniques described in this chapter carefully read through the case study and determine…

A: For this situation study, we are given the clinical history of a 73-year-old male patient, Winston…

Q: L L 01:20:06 When a person is sick with a bacterial infection, doctors often prescribe antibiotics…

A: Bacteria or other pathogens develop resistance to the drugs. This helps them to survive despite much…

Q: Question 5 Thinking about the staining patterns with wright stain, and how the DNA and cytoplasmic…

A: Hematologic stain Wright's stain helps distinguish between different kinds of blood cells.…

Q: 1) Describe the reproduction in detail.

A: In general, reproduction is well defined as the essential notion in biology: it involves creating a…

Q: List the causes for secondary amenorrhea

A: Menstrual period refers to shedding of the thickened uterine wall along with unfertilized ovum in…

Q: Which of the following statements is true about consensus sequences in DNA? Group of answer choices…

A: Short nucleotide segments which recur often in conserved sequences are known as consensus sequences.…

Q: What is stored in the gray circular structures in the middle of this slide?

A: Mitochondria are essential organelles in cells that produce energy. They are often referred to as…

Q: 3. Write the number corresponding to the structure and briefly describe the function of this…

A: "Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution to the first question as per…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantage of using spectrophotometry and CFU counting to estimate…

A: Spectrophotometry and colony-forming units (CFUs) are two different methods for quantifying…

Q: In a beaker containing 0% NaCl, you place a cell which contains 0.9% NaCl. NaCl doesn t cross the…

A: Osmosis is a phenomena in which water or the solvent molecules move from their high concentration…

Q: 2. ( Of all the chromosomal disorders, abnormalities in chromosome number are the most easily…

A: Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs at the time of formation of gametes in the sex cells.…

Q: Which of the following situations might indicate the need for an artificial pacemaker? Group of…

A: The human heart is a muscular organ that functions as the central and important component of the…

Q: Which of the following statements about DNA strands is true? (You may choose more than one.) Group…

A: The process of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is known as transcription in the…

Q: term polar body is another name for an oocyte that can be fertilized?

A: Oogenesis is a type of meiotic division where the chromosome number is reduced to half. It occurs at…

Q: If you isolate a bacteria from the digestive system system of mouse, what would you expect the…

A: Bacteria from the digestive system of a mouse, like those from the digestive systems of many…

Q: 1 cycle is regulated by the activity of cyclins, proteins that interact with cyclin dependent…

A: Cell cycle consists of 4 distinct phases which are S, G1, G2 and M phases. Checkpoints are the type…

Q: To which PHYLUM does the animal in the image below belong? CO

A: The picture above shows ribbonworms. These organisms are also known as proboscis worm or bootlace…

Q: • Both similar to CS1 • DNA2 Matches Csa CS1 CS2 DNA1 DNA1 DNA2 DNA2 Enz 1 Enz2 Enzi Enzz which…

A: DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify and analyze an individual's…

Q: Based on the attached image, if we are using the Holliday junction model of recombination, where…

A: The Holliday model for recombination was proposed by Robin Holliday in 1964. According to this…

Q: Explain the points of attachments of skeletal muscles

A: Skeletal muscles are the muscles that are attached to bones by tendons. They are responsible for all…

Q: following diagram shows a simulated microscopic view of a tissue sample taken from a patient where…

A: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides into two without changing the number of…

Q: 6). To investigate the genetic control of locomotive behavior in the diploid nematode,…

A: Complementation test is used to determine whether the mutation in two strains are in different gene.…

Q: . A population of red deer were trapped on an island off of England during the last interglacial…

A: According to Darwin's theory, evolution by natural selection require the following criteria:- A…

Q: OG2: a. Describe the effect of each of the following on the function of Kinesin, Dynein and Myosin:…

A: Dynein, myosin and kinesin are the motor proteins. These proteins move along either microtubules or…

Q: Iron Deficiency Anemia (microcytic hypochromic) Macrocytic Anemia (normochromic) Anemia of Chronic…

A: The normal range for MCV which is  an acronym for "mean corpuscular volume" is between 80 to 98…

Q: The large and heavy seeds of the limber pine (Pinus flexilis) lack the wings on seeds characteristic…

A: The study's findings reveal an interesting interaction between seed harvesters and the traits of…

Q: Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic promoter in front of a bacterial gene and inserts the…

A: A section of DNA that is situated close to the start of a gene and acts as a binding site for…

Q: Question 24 Which answer choice represents the largest percentage, by weight, of all macromolecules…

A: Escherichia coli is small, Gram-negative bacteria that contains a peptidoglycan layer of 7-8 nm…

Q: Compare and contrast the three types of the vertebrate muscle by completing the table below. Main…

A: Muscular tissue in human body consists of cells known as muscle fibers which are specialized for…

Q: A 24 year old previously healthy woman is evaluated for skin rash, joint pains, and renal failure.…

A: The complement system is a complex part of the innate immune system in the human body. It consists…

Q: In the glutamate-glutamine cycle, which of the following occurs? Glutamate and GABA are released by…

A: The glutamate-glutamine cycle is a crucial metabolic pathway that occurs in the central nervous…

Q: If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues to produce hormones under the direction of…

A: The process through which a male sperm cell unites with a female egg cell to generate a zygote is…

Q: traits, describe the general cranial morphology for H. heidelbergensis. Be sure to describe at least…

A: H.heidelbergensis is an extinct human archahc species found in the Pleistocene Epoch. This species…

Q: First Base U C A G Second Base G UGU Cysteine UGC Cysteine UGA Stop UGG Tryptophan U C A UUU…

A: The genetic information in the DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into protein.…

Q: Which of the following is true of the moss life cycle? The male and female structures are found on…

A: Mosses are non-vascular plants that play an important role in ecosystems around the world. They have…

Q: Which of the following is true of a population undergoing evolutionary changes? O Alot of…

A: Evolutionary changes in a population refer to the gradual and cumulative changes in the genetic…

Q: Describe effects of autoclave sterilization, refrigeration, freezing and pasteurization on microbial…

A: Microorganisms are usually so small that they cannot be seen by  the naked eyes. They are only seen…

Q: In studies trying to understand the regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase, it was…

A: Understanding the intricate regulation of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase is pivotal in…

Q: To describe: Active transport and cotransport.

A: The movement of ions and molecules within and across the cell membrane is regulated by a variety of…

Q: hanges in Chromosome Structure and Number The Poinsettia type of Datura is trisomic for the…

A: Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from generation to generation. Chromosomes are…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.