Choose the words that make the sentence most accurate. When reconstructing phylogenies, you should use ___________ traits because they are _______________. a. homologous; similar due to common ancestry. b. homoplastic; similar due to common ancestry. c. homoplastic; similar due to environmental constraints. d. homologous; similar due to environmental constraints.

Choose the words that make the sentence most accurate. When reconstructing phylogenies, you should use _ traits because they are _____. a. homologous; similar due to common ancestry. b. homoplastic; similar due to common ancestry. c. homoplastic; similar due to environmental constraints. d. homologous; similar due to environmental constraints.

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter12: Diversity Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RQ: Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a...

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What kind of trait is important to cladistics? a. shared derived traits b. shared ancestral traits c. analogous traits d. parsimonious traits
Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a common ancestor. b. Speciation can produce one, two, or three new species. c. Traits change from one state to another. d. The polarity of a character state change can be determined.
Which method of building phylogenetic trees relies on both the number of evolutionary transitions on the phylogenetic tree and the likelihood of the evolutionary transitions? a. Maximum Credibility b. Maximum Likelihood c. Parsimony d. Bootstrapping
To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion What is parsimony? an element that decays from antimony, used for radiometric data of fossils. a way of building phylogenies that assumes the best tree has the highest statistical likelihood. a way of building phylogenies that assumes the best tree has the fewest character changes. a method for calibrating molecular clocks.
Which of the following assumptions is not part ofcladistics?a. A lineage’s characters change over time.b. All species share common ancestry.c. Each lineage branches from another lineage.d. Similar body parts are evidence of a recentdivergence
Consider the cladograms below Which species is extinct in both cladograms? In which cladogram are species B & C most closely related? Question 6 options: C; the one on the left E; The one on the right E; There is no way to tell/insufficient information is provided B; the one on the left
When evaluating multiple cladograms, what is the name of the principle used to decide which cladogram most likely shows the correct evolutionary relationships? Group of answer choices a. principle of parsimony b. principle of persimmons c. principle of parsley d. principle of paisley e. principle of Penelope f. principle of pineapple
Explain in 2 or 3 paragraphs- Phenetics vs Cladistics
Organisms that are closer together on a cladograma. are in the same family.b. comprise an outgroup.c. share a more recent common ancestor than those organisms that are farther apart.d. share fewer derived characters than organisms that are farther apart.
People studying fossils have to employ which of the following species concepts? a. The Morphospecies Concept b. The Biological Species Concept c. The Phylogenetic Species Concept d. The Physical Species Concept
You are evaluating five phylogenetic trees generated from a single cladistics analysis. Tree A shows 21 evolutionary events (i.e. the evolution of a shared, derived trait), Tree B shows 7 events, Tree C shows 18 events, Tree D shows 10 events, and Tree E shows 9 events. Which tree is most likely the correct one? Group of answer choices Tree A Tree D Tree B Tree E Tree C

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	a.	homologous; similar due to common ancestry.
	b.	homoplastic; similar due to common ancestry.
	c.	homoplastic; similar due to environmental constraints.
	d.	homologous; similar due to environmental constraints.