Compare the transition from analog repeaters to digital regenerators for copper-based transmission systems to the curent transition from single-wavelength digital regenerator optical systems to multi-wavelength optically amplified systems. What is the same and what is difference? What is the next transition for optical transmission systems?

Q: In what ways are FDM and TDM different from each other?

A: TDM is a process of transmitting multiple data streams over a single channel. Where each signal is…

Q: What OSI layer(s) does the HART digital transmission use?

A: The HART convention follows the seven-layer OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) convention, in spite…

Q: Discuss error and flow controls for time-division multiplexing, as well as how this is accomplished…

A: Given: Explain how the physical layer and data link control manage error and flow control in…

Q: Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During…

A: Given that, Number of frames per second= 8000  Number of time slots per frame= 32 Number of bits…

Q: In the physical layer, multiplexing is done via TDM, FDM, and CDM. Is it possible to explain the…

A: Multiplexing Multiplexing is a common networking technology that combines numerous analogue and…

Q: nt from one

A: TDM-Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method for communicating and getting independent signals…

Q: Q3: Why synchronous TDM need identical BW for input signals?

A: synchronous TDM need identificals BW for input signals

Q: Discuss any three transmission media used for the transmission of data in computer networks. State…

A: In terms of data transmission, the media is a physical path between the transmitter and the…

Q: What characteristic of optical transmissions is primarily responsible for the distance limitations…

A: The wire is made up of ultra-thin filaments of glass or plastic material that is as thin as human…

Q: What are the benefits and drawbacks of bipolar coding schemes? Describe why NRZ coding is…

A: Bipolar: A variant of the RZ code is bipolar return-to-zero (BPRZ) secret writing, wherever the…

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of  Bipolar coding schemes?  Explain  why NRZ coding is…

A: Bipolar: A variant of the RZ code is bipolar return-to-zero (BPRZ) secret writing, wherever the…

Q: 5. What is the difference between narrowband and broadband matching circuits? Are the synthesized…

A: Narrowband refers to communications that use frequency content within the coherence band of a…

Q: Write a 5-page report on the data transmission media used in computer networks

A: Transmission media is a correspondence channel that passes on the information from the source to the…

Q: In a nutshell, how does wavelength division multiplexing work?

A: Introduction: Division of Wavelength Multiplexing is a fiber-optic transmission technology that…

Q: Consider a transmission system using frequency division multiplexing. What cost factors are involved…

A:

Q: 5. Find the minimum bandwidth of a FDM system which multiplex five devices, each requiring 4000 Hz.…

A: Given:

Q: What is Multiplexing? Why Multiplexing is important for Maximum Throughput?

A: Multiplexing is a technique used to combine and send the multiple data streams over a single medium.…

Q: Multiplexing and De-Multiplexing?

A: The multiplexer, shortened to “MUX” or “MPX”, is a combinational logic circuit designed to switch…

Q: What distinguishes a circuit-switched network from a packet-switched network? What advantages does…

A: Intro Circuit-switched network:  A circuit-switched network is a network in which nodes interact…

Q: a)Explain the three phases of a circuit switched network b)Name the different error control…

A: Circuit Switched Network  A circuit-switched network consists of a set of switches connected by…

Q: What made X.25 standard unrealiable for high capacity and faster transmission.

A: It is ITU-T standard protocol which is used in WAN.

Q: Subject - Data Communication Networks 1. What features are true about of Time Division…

A: Multiplexing is used when a single transmission medium needs to be shared. Suppose there is a single…

Q: Demonstrate STEP-BY-STEP how to simulate TDMA and FDMA in the channelization protocol of MAC.

A: A channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminal connected to the…

Q: differences between Propagation constant (β) and wave number (k)

A: differences between Propagation constant (β) and wave number (k)

Q: uestion 4 a) Mention two (2) advantages that infrared communication has against microwave. b) List…

A: Advantages of IR communication: Security: Infrared communication has high directionality and can…

Q: DSL is a combination of what two types of multiplexing? a. FDM and TDM b. FDM and FM c. AM…

A: DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that allows you to send and receive data over phone…

Q: How does Wavelength Division Multiplexing operate in a nutshell?

A: Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a method of multiplying optical network signal signals…

Q: Discuss advantages and disadvantages of Common Channel Signaling Systems (CCSS) used across the…

A: Common Channel Signaling uses a separate common channel for passing control signals for a group of…

Q: fferent from o

A: Introduction TDM:TDM stands for Time Division Multiplexing and is a multiplexing technology. TDM can…

Q: Discuss the reason that multiplexing is used in data communications.

A: Given: Discuss the reason that multiplexing is used in data communications.

Q: Q1) How does FDM divide the shared channel over different users at the same time?

A: Given: Details around process of FDM divide the shared channel over different users at the same…

Q: Why is statistical TDM more efficient than synchronous TDM multiplexer? Why is the synchronization…

A: Introduction: Statistical TDM: The time-division multiplexing(TDM) that does not use synchronization…

Q: how does Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) works?

A: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM): A technique for data transmission known as…

Q: Describe the primary differences between synchronous and isochronous connections and offer an…

A: Introduction: Synchronous communication includes scheduled, real-time phone, video, or in-person…

Q: Multiplexing occurs at the physical layer via TDM, FDM, and CDM. What are the advantages and…

A: Multiplexing's Benefits: - A single medium may carry more than one signal. - A medium's bandwidth…

Q: Q4/Answer (four) from the following: 1- Give the reasons of using Digital communication systems? 2-…

A: Digital communication system:  Digital communication is a popular technology used today in…

Q: What is OFDM?   (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Advantages and Disadvantages of OFDM:…

A: Introduction: In an OFDM transceiver, the bits are first mapped into complex symbols by a bank of…

Q: What is Statistical time-division multiplexing (StatTDM)?

A: It is a type of communication link for sharing same dynamic bandwidth allocation.

Q: –––––––––––– in SONET are analogous to the –––––––––––– of T-carriers. a. Throughput, digital signal…

A: SONET: SONET uses a synchronous time-division multiplexing technique through which it sends the…

Q: Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During…

A: The above question is solved in step 2 :-

Q: 4) Mention any 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of TDM over Statistical TDM. Synchronous 5) Mention…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What property of optical communications is chiefly responsible for fiber-optic cabling's distance…

A: Introduction: Numerous benefits exist for optical-fibre systems over metallic-based communication…

Q: Among the optical-distribution architectures that are essentially switched ethernet is

A: Please find the answer below :

Q: This kind of data transmission allows data to be delivered in both directions on a signal carrier at…

A: This kind of data transmission is called "full-duplex" because it enables data to be delivered in…

Q: (a) Name and briefly describe the two ways multiplexing can be achieved at the trans- port layer.

A: The transport layer receives data packets from various sources and adds transport headers to the…

Q: Discuss error and flow control in synchronous time-division multiplexing in terms of data link…

A: Introduction: In terms of concepts relating to data link control and physical layering

Q: In what ways do FDM and TDM distinct from one another?

A: Introduction: Here we are required to explain in what ways do FDM and TDM distinct from one another.

Transmission media

A communication channel that transmits data from a source to a recipient is referred to as "transmission media." Electromagnetic impulses are used to transmit data. Transmission media's primary purpose is to transmit data in the form of bits via a local area network (LAN). In data transport, it is the physical link that connects the transmitter and receiver. Transmission medium is part of layer 1 or physical layer of the ISO/OSI (Open System Interconnection) model.