Compute the company’s net sales for the year. Compute the company’s total cost of merchandise purchased for the year. Prepare a multiple-step income statement that includes separate categories for net sales, cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Prepare a single-step income statement that includes these expense categories: cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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Valley Company’s adjusted account balances from its general ledger on August 31, its fiscal year-end, follows. It categorizes the following accounts as selling expenses: sales salaries expense, rent expense—selling space, store supplies expense, and advertising expense. It categorizes the remaining expenses as general and administrative.
| Adjusted Account Balances | Debit | Credit |
|---|---|---|
| Merchandise inventory (ending) | $ 34,000 | |
| Other (non-inventory) assets | 136,000 | |
| Total liabilities | $ 39,270 | |
| K. Valley, Capital | 113,619 | |
| K. Valley, Withdrawals | 8,000 | |
| Sales | 232,560 | |
| Sales discounts | 3,558 | |
| Sales returns and allowances | 15,349 | |
| Cost of goods sold | 90,401 | |
| Sales salaries expense | 31,861 | |
| Rent expense—Selling space | 10,930 | |
| Store supplies expense | 2,791 | |
| Advertising expense | 19,768 | |
| Office salaries expense | 29,070 | |
| Rent expense—Office space | 2,791 | |
| Office supplies expense | 930 | |
| Totals | $ 385,449 | $ 385,449 |
Beginning merchandise inventory was $27,438. Supplementary records of merchandising activities for the year ended August 31 reveal the following itemized costs.
| Invoice cost of merchandise purchases | $ 99,960 |
|---|---|
| Purchases discounts received | 2,099 |
| Purchases returns and allowances | 4,798 |
| Costs of transportation-in | 3,900 |
Required:
- Compute the company’s net sales for the year.
- Compute the company’s total cost of merchandise purchased for the year.
- Prepare a multiple-step income statement that includes separate categories for net sales, cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses.
- Prepare a single-step income statement that includes these expense categories: cost of goods sold, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses.
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