Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter4: Processor Technology And Architecture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3PE: Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Suppose without pipelining, a processor takes 100sec to complete execution of 05 instructions, assuming each instruction require same amount of time for execution. If we can have 5 stage ideal pipeline for the same processor, then How much time will it take to complete execution of these 05 instructions? How much speedup we can achieve?
Consider two processors P1 and P2. P1 has a clock rate of 2 GHz, average CPI of 0.8, and requires the execution of 5.0 x 10^9 instructions for a given task. P2 has a clock rate of 3 GHz, an average CPI of 1.2, and requires the execution of 6.0 x 10^9 instructions for the same task. Does the processor with the highest clock rate have a better performance? Justify your answer.
Explain with an example how a 6 stage pipeline processor helps in speeding up the program execution as compared to non-pipelined processor. In the following example, find out the instruction pairs which can lead to data hazard in two stage pipeline and justify your answer. 1) MOV AL, 25H 2) MOV CH, 10H 3) MOV [2002H], AL 4) INC CH 5) MOV [2004H], CH 6) ADD DX, CH
Consider a multilevel computer in which levels are vertically stacked, with the lowest level being level 1. Each level has instructions that are m times as powerful as those of the level below it; that is, one level r instruction can do the work of m instructions at level r-1. However, n instructions at level r-1 are required to interpret each instruction at level r. Given this, answer the following questions: If a level 1 program requires k seconds to run, how long would the equivalent program take to run at levels 2, 3 and 4. Express your answer in terms of n, m, and r. What is the performance implication for the program if n > m? Conversely, what is the implication if m > n? Which case do you think more likely? Why?
The runtimes of the five stages of executing an instruction in a non-pipelined machine are listed below. Instruction Fetch 100ps Instruction Decode 200ps ALU 300ps Memory 300ps Write Back 200ps This is then converted into a pipelined machine M1 using the most critical stage as the cycle time. For a new machine M2, we are allowed to break up exactly one stage into two substages of equal times giving us a six stage pipeline. A1: Discuss in short clear sentences the latency differences between the machines M1 and M2. A2: Discuss in short clear sentences the throughput differences between the machines M1 and M2.
Consider the following portions of three different programs running at the same time on three processors in a symmetric multicore processor (SMP). Assume that before this code is run, W is 10, X= 50, Y=15, Z=5. Core 1: Total = W+ X;Core 2: Total = W - Y;Core 3: Total = W + Z; b) What are all the possible resulting values of Total? For each possible outcome, explain how we might arrive at those values. You will need to show all possible interleavings of instructions. c) How could you make the execution more deterministic so that only one set of values is possible?
consider a CPU that implements two parallel fetch-execute pipelines for superscalar processing. Show the performance improvement over scalar pipeline processing and no-pipeline processing, assuming an instruction cycle similar to figure 4.1 in the Section I B of "Advanced Systems Concepts", i.e.:  a one clock cycle fetch  a two clock cycle decode  a three clock cycle execute and a 200 instruction sequence: Show your work. 7. o pipelining would require _____ clock cycles: 8. A scalar pipeline would require _____ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining? 9. A superscalar pipeline with two parallel units would require ______ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining?
Consider a 32-bit computer with the MIPS assembly set, that executes the following code fragment loaded in memory in the address 0x0000000. li $t0, 1000 li $t1, 0 li $t2, 0 loop: addi $t1, $t1, 1 addi $t2, $t2, 4 beq $t1, $t0, loop This computer has a 4-way associative cache memory of 32 KB and lines of 16 bytes. Calculate the number of cache miss of the previous code, and the hit ratio, assuming that no other program is executing and that the cache memory is initially empty.
Question: Suppose a program of 600 instructions runs on a 2 GHz processor. The frequency of instructions and the clock cycle counts per instruction are given as follows. What is the average CPI of this instruction mix? Operation Frequency Clock Cycles ALU operations 55% 1 Loads/Stores 30% 2 Branches 15% 3 Question: Continue from the previous question. What is the CPU time of the program in nanoseconds? Question: Suppose a processor P has a 2.5 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5. If the processor executes a program in 3 microseconds, find the number of instructions in the program.
Consider two processors P1 and P2. P1 has a clock rate of 2 GHz, average CPI of 0.8, and requires the execution of 5.0 x 10^9 instructions for a given task. P2 has a clock rate of 3 GHz, an average CPI of 1.2, and requires the execution of 6.0 x 10^9 instructions for the same task. Using the above CPI and clock rates of P1 and P2, determine the number of instructions that P2 can execute in the same time that P1 needs to execute 10.0 x 10^9 instructions.
Let's pretend that the number of usable cores in central processing units (CPUs) is doubled with each new CPU generation every 18 months. If a CPU is released in three years, how much off-chip memory bandwidth will it need to maintain the same per-core performance?
A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 3, 4, 8, or 12 machine cycles to perform various operations. A total of 25% of its instructions require 2 machine cycles, 20% require 3 machine cycles, 17.5% require 4 machine cycles, 12.5% require 8 machine cycles, and 25% require 12 machine cycles.Q) Suppose this system requires an extra 20 machine cycles to retrieve an operand from memory. It has to go to memory 40% of the time. What is the average number of machine cycles per instruction for this microprocessor, including its memory fetch instructions?