Consider a video of size 820 x 312 with 25 Hz frame rate, macroblock 16 x 16 and k 8 (search size). The number of MSD calculations per second is (when brute force is used):
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- Suppose that a 20-Mbps 802.11 LAN is transmitting 64-byte frames back-to-back over a radio channel with a bit error rate of 10−7 (i.e., the probability of a bit to flip duringthe transmission). How many frames per second will be damaged on average?(*hint: you would need to calculate the probability that a frame does not suffer any bit errors, thisis equivalent to the fraction of frames that do not suffer any bit errors on average.)Each question is a judgment question. Write down your answer with T for True, F for False, and give theexplanation if the answer is False.a. Consider a system of bandwidth 10Mbps, with multiple users, each is active (i.e., have data to transmitat rate 1Mbps) with a low probability, e.g. 0.1. From the capacity perspective, packet switching isbetter than circuit switching because the former can support more users.b. Denial of Service (DoS) attack can be generated by a large number of (legitimate) TCP connectionrequests to the same targeted server at the same time. These TCP requests can be originated fromdifferent hosts in a botnet, which is controlled by the attacker.c. In VSAT systems the micro-stations do not have sufficient power to communicate directly with oneanother; hence, they use a ground station called a hub with a high gain antenna to relay traffic.d. In the current Internet, communication across the Atlantic Ocean between the USA and Europe ismostly done by wireless…Each question is a judgment question. Write down your answer with T for True, F for False, and give the explanation if the answer is False. Consider a system of bandwidth 10Mbps, with multiple users, each is active (i.e., have data to transmit at rate 1Mbps) with a low probability, e.g. 0.1. From the capacity perspective, packet switching is better than circuit switching because the former can support more users. Denial of Service (DoS) attack can be generated by a large number of (legitimate) TCP connection requests to the same targeted server at the same time. These TCP requests can be originated from different hosts in a botnet, which is controlled by the attacker. In VSAT systems the micro-stations do not have sufficient power to communicate directly with one another; hence, they use a ground station called a hub with a high gain antenna to relay traffic. In the current Internet, communication across the Atlantic Ocean between the USA and Europe is mostly done by wireless…
- Q1. a, Access to media by multiple senders at the same time lead towards data collision, which particular protocol(s) and at what Layer(s) these are available to cater this issue? Does these protocols ensure 100% collision free delivery? If not then what other mechanism are available to resolve the issue? b, Elaborate with the help of diagrams, how different types of MAC Address (unicast, multicast and broadcast) works. c, Among the two popular LAN technologies, Ethernet and WiFi, which one has the higher data rate and highest bit error rate (also explain why)?Suppose that R = 1 Gbps and Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 200 Mbps. Assuming that the servers are sending at their maximum rate possible, enter the link utilization of the shared link, whose rate is R, below. Enter your answer as a decimal, of the form 1.00 (if the utilization is 1, or 0.xx if the utilization is less than 1, rounded to the closest xx).a.) Why have the standards makers chosen to specify that requests for Delivery Status Notifications are to be sent via SMTP, and not via a header in the mail heading? b.) What protocols can be applied when you want to transfer files between different platforms, such as UNIX systems and Windows servers? c.) In a Stop-and-Wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the line is 2 Mbps, and 2 bit takes 30 ms to make a round trip. What is the bandwidth-delay product? If the system data frames are 10000 bits in length, what is the utilization percentage of the link?
- Two CSMA/CD stations are each trying to transmit long (multiframe) files. After each frame is sent, they contend for the channel, using the binary exponential backoff algorithm. What is the probability that the contention ends on round k, and what is the mean number of rounds per contention period?1. what is the vulnerable time frame size of pure ALOHA? If the time unit is x then find it out.[Answer Hints: 10x;0.5x]2. How many types of addressing can be possible in a computer network? 3.ARP protocol maps physical address with logical address. The statement is:a) Extremely trueb) Somewhat truec) Slightly trueD) Not true at allSuppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A to Host B has three links, of rates R1=500 kbps, R2=2 Mbps, and R3=1 Mbps a. Assuming no other traffic in the network, what is the throughput for the file transfer? b. Suppose the file is 4 million bytes. Dividing the file size by the throughput, roughly how long will it take to transfer the file to Host B? c. Repeat (a) and (b), but now with R reduced to 100 kbps.
- suppose two hosts, A and B, are separated by 20,000 kilometers and are connected by a direct link of R = 2 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5 x 108 meters/sec. 1. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R x dprop. 2. Consider sending a file of 800, 000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent continuously as one large message. What is the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time? 3. Provide an interpretation of the bandwidth-delay product?a) In a bus CSMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, a collision occurs 20 µs after the first bit of the frame leaves the sending station. What should the length of the frame be so that the sender can detect the collision? b) There are only two stations, A and B, in a bus 1-persistence CSMA/CD network with Tp = 25.6 µs and Tr = 51.2 µs. Station A has a frame to send to station B. The frame is unsuccessful two times and succeeds on the third try. Draw a flowchart for this problem. Assume that the R is 1 and 2 respectively and ignore the time for sending a jamming signal.3. Consider the go-back-N ARQ: (a) What is the receiver window size? (b) Illustrate two delivery scenarios that would result in a time-out event for the sender after transmitting a data frame to the receiver. (c) In what situation would the receiver discard a received frame? (d) What is the frame error probablity if the frame size is 10 bits and the bit error probability is 0.001.