Consider this problem: A con man has three coins. One coin has heads on both sides, one has tails on both sides, and the other is normal (heads on one side, tails on the other). All coins are of the same denomination. The con man places the three coins in his pocket, selects one, and shows you one side. It is heads. He is willing to bet you money that it is the two-headed coin. His reasoning is that it can’t be the two-tailed coin since a head is showing; therefore, there is a 50-50 chance of it being the two-headed coin.

Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1
(REV)00th Edition
ISBN:9780395977224
Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. Cole
Publisher:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. Cole
Chapter3: Solving Equation And Problems
Section3.7: Costs, Income, And Value Problems
Problem 18P
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Consider this problem: A con man has three coins. One coin has heads on both sides, one has tails on both sides, and the other is normal (heads on one side, tails on the other). All coins are of the same denomination. The con man places the three coins in his pocket, selects one, and shows you one side. It is heads. He is willing to bet you money that it is the two-headed coin. His reasoning is that it can’t be the two-tailed coin since a head is showing; therefore, there is a 50-50 chance of it being the two-headed coin.  

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