Credit ratings affect the yields on bonds. Based on the scenario described in the following table, determine whether yields will increase or decrease and whether it will be more expensive or less expensive, as compared to other players in the market, for a company to borrow money from the bond market.
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- What is NOT considered as an advantage of buying bonds in the Philippines? * Bonds are much less volatile compared to other forms of investments that can fluctuate depending on the market trends. Bonds perform better than the high-risk, high-reward stock investments. Interest on bonds are paid periodically, giving the buyer fixed passive income on top of his other sources of income or revenue. The income one receives from bonds is much higher compared to the savings accounts and time deposits. The low-risk features of bonds can offset potential losses that high-risk investments may incur.The time value of money is used in calculating bond prices because: Group of answer choices A - The company might choose to repay the bonds prior to their maturity date B - Bond investors receive future payments and purchase bonds with current dollars C - The amount to be repaid at maturity will change as market rates change D - Cash interest payments to bondholders will change as market rates changeWhich of the following trends can be unfavorable from the viewpoint of a bondholder? a. The issuing company’s debt ratio is steadily declining.b. The issuing company’s interest coverage ratio is steadily rising.c. Market interest rates are steadily rising. d. The issuing company’s net cash flow from operating activities is steadily increasing.
- Please describe the different type of bonds and compare the yields associated with each type of bonds?Which factors influence the yield of each type of bonds? Which type of bond is associated with the lowest yield/interest rate out of all outstanding bonds during a particular time period? How the Fed could influence the bond yields? Would you expect bond yields/interest rates to be negative in either nominal or real terms? If so, can you provide such an example?For each of the following events, explain what the impact would be on the yield-to-maturity: The bond is downgraded by a rating agency. The economy seems to be shifting from a recession to a boom economy. The bond is subordinated to other bonds. Congressional hearings provide pressure on Matthew to significantly reduce the price on several of their productsYou expect market interest rates to increase, while the rest of the market believes there will be a decrease. Which of the following statements about fixed-coupon bonds is most correct? a. Bond yields and prices are expected to rise b. At the maturity date, regardless of changes in market interest rates, a bond price will be equal to the face value plus the coupon. c. You expect the company to increase the coupon payment in response to the increase in market rates. d. As the coupons are fixed, the interest rate change will have no impact on the bond. e. You should invest in long-term bonds rather than short-term securities
- Suppose that the yield of bonds issued by firms XYZ decreased. Which of the following the scenario is the LEAST likely one to have caused this decrease? 1(a) The firm's credit rating went up. (b) The firm's collateral value went up. (c) Investors’ demand for assets went up. (d) A lot of other firms started to issue bonds.Let's say that the data shows how the spread between the interest rates on corporate bonds and U.S. treasury bonds has been very large during the Covid - 19 pandemic . What would explain this difference ? Use the bond supply and demand analysis to answer this question . Be as specific as you can be and make sure you explain the channels clearly?You review the characteristics of a recent corporate bond issue and notice that the issuing firm's Debt to Equity (D/E) ratio is higher than the industry average, while its Return on Equity (ROE) is lower than the industry average. If bonds issued by other firms with industry average D/E and ROE ratios have a BBB rating, you can draw the following conclusion: a. This bond is likely to have a higher rating (A or above). b. This bond is likely to have a lower rating (BB or below). c. This bond will also have a BBB rating.
- Amazon has a better credit profile amd higher rating than the Gap. As a result, investors can expect a higher yield to maturity on Amazon’s bonds, which are AA-rated, than the Gap which is rated B+. True or False.Which of the following statements is false? A. Banks have high levels of liquidity assets and stable funding since the financial crisis. B. Compared with bonds with short-term duration, bonds with long-term duration have uncertainty regarding future creditworthiness. C. Expected loss can decrease with an increase in a bond’s recovery rate. D. Macaulay duration is calculated as modified duration divided by one plus the bond’s yield to maturity.Mr. Jackson is considering investing in corporate bonds. He has talked to an investment analyst who has advised him to choose between company A or company B bonds. The possible rates of return for the two bonds, which are subject to the state of the economy are given below: State of theeconomy Probability for State ofthe economy Possible rate of returnfor Company A bond Possible rate ofreturn for CompanyB bond Expansion 0.2 17% 20% Normal 0.1 13% 15% Recession 0.4 10% 11% Required:i. Calculate the expected return for each corporate bond ii. Calculate the variance and standard deviation for each bond. iii. Compute the coefficient of variation for each bond iv. Advice Mr. Jackson on the best bond to invest in.