Differentiate between synapomorphies, plesiomorphies, and homoplasies.Differentiate between monophyletic and paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups.Apply the principle of parsimony to phylogenetic hypotheses.Relate the fungi to the phylogeny of eukaryotes and endosymbiosis.Relate the evolution of characteristics like being a gasteromycete, coral fungus, or gilled fungus to the patterns of character evolution in a phylogeny.Describe some of the applications of phylogeny in science.

Phylogeny is a term that denotes the detailed study about evolution of organisms and their…

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Biology

Differentiate between synapomorphies, plesiomorphies, and homoplasies.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter30: Fungi

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.

Question

Differentiate between synapomorphies, plesiomorphies, and homoplasies.
Differentiate between monophyletic and paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups.
Apply the principle of parsimony to phylogenetic hypotheses.
Relate the fungi to the phylogeny of eukaryotes and endosymbiosis.
Relate the evolution of characteristics like being a gasteromycete, coral fungus, or gilled fungus to the patterns of character evolution in a phylogeny.
Describe some of the applications of phylogeny in science.

Definition Definition Diverse group of organisms that primarily obtain nutrients through absorption. They range from single-celled yeasts to complex multi-cellular structures such as mushrooms. Fungi play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, plant symbionts, and even pathogens. They also have practical uses in medicine, food production, and industry.

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Differentiate between monophyletic and paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups. Apply the principle of parsimony to phylogenetic hypotheses. Relate the fungi to the phylogeny of eukaryotes and endosymbiosis. Relate the evolution of characteristics like being a gasteromycete, coral fungus, or gilled fungus to the patterns of character evolution in a phylogeny. Describe some of the applications of phylogeny in science.
Which phyla of fungi are composed of non-septate hyphae? Enumerate four. What are the synapomorphies of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota making them sister groups? Enumerate 2. What are the differences between ascomycota and basidiomycota. Give 2 basis for differentiation.
Draw a phylogenetic tree of the major groups of fungi.
Describe some of the important characteristics of fungi that would have traditionally been classified in the Polyporaceae. Describe the characteristics of the “Polyporoid clade” and use these characteristics to identify members of the clade. Describe the different growth forms found in the “Polyporoid” clade.
Explain the main role of kingdom fungi in biological classification?
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Fungi Describe the body structure of fungi such as cell walls made of chitin, mycelia, hyphae, and haustoria Know the domain and supergroup of fungi and its sister taxon. Describe the way that fungi receive nutrition. Describe the mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants that form lichen. Know the importance of fungi to humans.
List the major phyla of fungi.
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Describe the argument to support the hypothesis that fungi are opisthokonts more closely related to animals than plants.
How are members of the kingdom Eubacteria similar to members of the kingdom Protista? How are members of the kingdom Eubacteria different from members of the kingdom Protista? How do fungi get their food? ________________________________________________ Why are plants and fungi placed in separate kingdoms? _______________________________________ How has technology affected classification? _________________________________________________ You are a taxonomist who has just discovered a new organism and you have to place it into one of the kingdoms. The organism seems to make its own food by utilizing its chlorophyll. The organism is only one cell big and is capable of moving freely. In addition to chlorophyll, the organism has several other organelles, including a nucleus. Which kingdom does your organism belong to? Make sure to support your answer with facts from the chart above