Differentiate between the de novo synthesis of nucleotides and salvage - pathway synthesis.

Q: How do plasmids cause antibiotic resistance?

A: The plasmids are used to deliver DNA contain genes for antibiotic resistance.

Q: Explain how are the physiological characteristics of bacteria identified using biochemical test?

A: The physiological properties that are used for the identification of bacteria includes the nutrient…

Q: Describe the steps that occur during bacterial transformation?

A: Bacterial transformation is method of gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic…

Q: Where do plasmids occur?

A: Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that have a chromosome as their genome. Chromosome carries…

Q: Outline the significance of phenol degrading bacteria and how else could bacteria be characterized…

A: Microorganisms play an important role in bioremediation. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms…

Q: What is a mobilizable plasmid?

A:

Q: Once DNA is extracted, what can it be used for?

A: Genetic material is the molecules which should have certain characteristics like it should replicate…

Q: Define antispasmodics

A: As we know A drug is any chemical substance or material that alters the physiology or psychology of…

Q: What is the purpose of bacterial transformation?

A: Transformation is the genetic alteration in a cell by direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous…

Q: Discuss the main phases of micropropagation briefly.

A: Micropropagation : A artificial process or technique of producing plants through tissue culture or…

Q: Describe the differences between transformation, transduction and conjugation.

A: Answer: There are two types of gene transfers : Horizontal gene transfer and Vertical gene transfer…

Q: What is Ti plasmid ?

A: The biochemical molecule that is built up with “two polynucleotide chains” is called…

Q: Discuss what is required for bacterial transformation and its outcomes.

A: Bacterial transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Base Excision…

A: DNA can be damaged through many processes such as exposure to radiation or mutations. These damaged…

Q: Outline the steps of bacterial transformation.

A: The key step in molecular cloning is the bacterial transformation which is a process of horizontal…

Q: Can you think of a situation in which it would be better for a drug to be microbistatic rather than…

A: Microbistatic drugs are those which stop or prevents the growth of harmful bacterias in the body…

Q: Name various sources of antibiotics.

A: Antibiotics are the chemical substances that have a lethal action on the life of bacteria. Some…

Q: Explain the features of commercially prepared plasmids ?

A: Plasmid play a critical role , specially in the area of genetic engineering , such as gene cloning ,…

Q: Determine the method of distinguishing whether the bacteria has penicillinase activity or if the…

A: Penicillin works by preventing the manufacture of peptidoglycan, which is a crucial part of both…

Q: What is the major source of antibiotics and what appears to be thenatural function of antibiotics in…

A: Step 1: Antibiotics, also called as antibacterials, are substances that destroy bacteria or slow…

Q: What are the steps of bacterial artificial transformation?

A: Transformation of bacteria and certain other cells is a versatile tool in genetic engineering. The…

Q: The term ‘salvage pathway’ is a way in which a macromolecule is synthesized from intermediates in…

A: Nitrogenous bases are heterocyclic, planar, and relatively water insoluble aromatic compounds. There…

Q: Why are plasmids useful?

A: The bacterial population is characterized by the presence of an extrachromosomal, small, circular,…

Q: Staphylococcus aureus in Foods Why is it necessary to perform an enrichment procedure in isolating…

A: Staphylococcus aureus is a member of the firmicutes, a Gram-positive round-shaped bacterium, which…

Q: Define about restriction site ?

A: Recombinant DNA is made up of molecules of DNA from two different species that are inserted into a…

Q: What mechanisms account for restriction and modification?

A: Restriction-modification system is present in prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. Prokaryotic cells…

Q: Categorize the following as being associated with transformation, conjugation, or transduction. Note…

A: There are three principal methods of genetic transfer between bacteria. Transformation deals with…

Q: Explain the Restriction Enzymes ?

A: An enzyme derived from microbes that breaks DNA molecules at specified sequences is known as a…

Q: What is meant by the term “enrichment culture”?

A: The culture medium or growth medium is the specific medium, which contains all essential nutrients,…

Q: How are competent cells prepared in transformation?

A: Competent cells are the one those have cell membrane which are more permeable than normal cells so…

Q: Is Penicillin a weak antibiotic?

A: The antibiotics are antimicrobial substances. It is active against the bacteria. It is the medicine…

Q: Outline the strategies commonly used to detect for pBR322 in E.coli

A: Plasmids are DNA molecules that exist outside of the chromosomes. They are microscopic, round, and…

Q: What are inducible enzymes ?

A: The inducible enzyme is also known as an adaptive enzyme. Opposite of inducible enzymes are…

Q: Why are plasmids dangerous?

A: It is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule which naturally exist in bacterial cells, and…

Q: Why restriction enzymes are used ?

A: Introduction: Restriction enzymes are endonucleases that cleaves the DNA at specific sites. They are…

Q: Discuss the main phases (steps) of micropropagation briefly?

A: All organisms are made up of numerous cells. All cells further organize to form organs and organ…

Q: How Plasmids are introduced into bacteria ?

A: Bacteria are the prokaryotes that have their DNA present in the cytoplasm.

Q: Describe the generation of the mutiple drug resistance plasmids?

A: Drug resistance is defined as a reduction in the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, and other…

Q: How is the discovery of riboswitches relevant to bacterial pathology?

A: Riboswitches are the gene regulatory mRNA domains that respond to the intracellular concentration of…

Q: How does non-compliance with antibiotic treatment regimens lead to the generation of drug resistant…

A: Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have been used for a long time…

Q: What is micropropogation? Mention its advantages.

A: With the advancement in science, scientists are creating new methods to create plants artificially…

Q: Determine the reason behind the penicillin enrichment.

A: The genes are a series of nucleotides found on chromosomes that code for a particular protein that…

Q: Explain about Synthetic Dyes and Sulfa Drugs ?

A: Introduction: A coloured substance that binds to the substrate chemically to which it is being…

Q: Define Micropropagation and what are the stages of Micropropagation?

A: Plant tissue culture means plant cells without any kind of infection take those plant cells. These…

Q: Does bacterial transformation occur naturally?

A: Transformation is the change in the genome of an organism. Transformation is one of the methods of…

Modes of Nutrition

It is a biological process of providing or obtaining food that is necessary for growth and health. It includes many physiological processes - absorption, ingestion, assimilation, catabolism, excretion, etc. In biology, the science that deals with nutrition's physiological and chemical processes are called "nutritional science."