Topic: Elements of a Horizontal Simple Circular Curve Derive the following elements of a simple circular horizontal curve completely based on the figure below and provide illustrations:4. Middle Ordinate5. Long Chord6. Length of Curve7. Sub AngleForward TangentPTRPI(V)=EMRPChBackward Tangent

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Engineering

Civil Engineering

dinate rd Curve Forward Tangent PT R R Backward Tangent

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Methods of Surveying

Surveying is the practice to determine the relative three-dimensional positions of various points on the earth’s surface. This is done by computing the vertical and horizontal distances, angles between the points, collecting the observations, and plotting them on a map of any appropriate scale. Accuracy can be achieved by using the latest instruments like a theodolite, tachometer, etc. Leveling is a subdivision of surveying where the objective is to locate the elevation of objects considering a datum level.

Question

Topic: Elements of a Horizontal Simple Circular Curve

Derive the following elements of a simple circular horizontal curve completely based on the figure below and provide illustrations:
4. Middle Ordinate
5. Long Chord
6. Length of Curve
7. Sub Angle
Forward Tangent
PT
R
PI(V)=
EM
R
PCh
Backward Tangent

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