Each of the following contributes to the unidirectional propagation of nerve signals EXCEPT_ A) presynaptic neurotransmitter secretion is separated from postsynaptic receptors. dendrites only receive signals. action potentials initiate the hillock and propagate only down the axon. D neuron membranes have a refractory period following generation of an action potential. E ion channels are oriented to transport ions only into the neuron.

Each of the following contributes to the unidirectional propagation of nerve signals EXCEPT_ A) presynaptic neurotransmitter secretion is separated from postsynaptic receptors. dendrites only receive signals. action potentials initiate the hillock and propagate only down the axon. D neuron membranes have a refractory period following generation of an action potential. E ion channels are oriented to transport ions only into the neuron.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13RE

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Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct neurotransmitter release. b. It transmits the action potential at the nodes of Ranvier andthus speeds up impulses on myelinated axons. c. It increases neurotransmitter release at the presynapticmembrane. d. It decreases neurotransmitter uptake at chemically gatedpostsynaptic channels. e. It removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron? A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells). B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron). C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier. D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells) E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? the sodium-potassium pump the voltage gated potassium channel the voltage gated sodium channel the stimulus gated sodium channel the ligand gated ion channels
Which of the following neurotransmitters serve as the body's natural painkiller? Acetylcholine Endorphins Dopamine
Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizingthe presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?(A) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open.(B) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane.(C) Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmittersto enter the synaptic cleft.(D) An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.
Select all of the statements from the list below that are true. Within a single axon, an action potential is always of the same magnitude. (In other words, it always looks the same on a trace of the membrane potential.) All excitatory post-synaptic potentials trigger an action potential. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing. The action potential always moves in one direction along an axon. Integration of sensory information is a major function of the central nervous system. All axons in the body are myelinated.
Postsynaptic receptors include all the following types, except :-a- G-protein coupled receptorsb- ligand-gated cation channelsc- G-protein regulated K + channelsd- voltage-gated Cl- channels
When they are not being stimulated, neurons have an electrical charge across their membranes called the resting potential. This potential is______ charged inside. When a neuron receives a sufficiently large stimulus, and reaches a potential called the_______ , it produces an action potential. This causes the neuron to become_____ charged inside.
How do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuron