emergent substrata (wave disturbance removes all algae species) most competitively dominant least competitively dominant brown alga red alga (least preferred) green alga (most preferred) (inedible) 12 100 200 300 density of snails (#/m²) Jane Lubchenco conducted two studies on how herbivory by periwinkle snails affected algae species richness. This graph is for a study farther from shore on emergent substrata (emergent rocks) that was subjected to frequent wave disturbance that removes some individuals of all species of algae. The competitive strength of each algae species (green arrow), and the snails preference (inedible, most, and least preferred) for each algae species, is shown above the graph. With wave action and low snail density, the number of algae species is high (about 12 species). 1. If there were no waves, at low snail density would you expect the number of algae species to be the same (12 species), higher or lower? [ Select] 2. What was the role of disturbance that lead to your answer #1? [ [ Select ] 3. What was the role of predation that lead to your answer #1? [ Select ] 4. What was the role of competition that lead to your answer #1? [ Select ] number of species of algae >

emergent substrata (wave disturbance removes all algae species) most competitively dominant least competitively dominant brown alga red alga (least preferred) green alga (most preferred) (inedible) 12 100 200 300 density of snails (#/m²) Jane Lubchenco conducted two studies on how herbivory by periwinkle snails affected algae species richness. This graph is for a study farther from shore on emergent substrata (emergent rocks) that was subjected to frequent wave disturbance that removes some individuals of all species of algae. The competitive strength of each algae species (green arrow), and the snails preference (inedible, most, and least preferred) for each algae species, is shown above the graph. With wave action and low snail density, the number of algae species is high (about 12 species). 1. If there were no waves, at low snail density would you expect the number of algae species to be the same (12 species), higher or lower? [ Select] 2. What was the role of disturbance that lead to your answer #1? [ [ Select ] 3. What was the role of predation that lead to your answer #1? [ Select ] 4. What was the role of competition that lead to your answer #1? [ Select ] number of species of algae >

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter44: Human Effects On The Biosphere

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

How is fire ants current range likely to change as a result of climate change? Things that you don't want to miss in your answer to get a high score: Define any terms such as range, niche. Do they prefer or are they limited by weather? What happens to their spread as weather changes The evidence for their limitation by cold weather is in the reading, and you should know that some species, particularly invasives, may spread as the climate warms.
The Lazy River Environmental Group is a group of fishermen and environmentalists that have worked to assess and clean up the pollution from an old factory on the Lazy River. One early study revealed that species on the river had absorbed pollutants from the water. Select the Pollutant Levels in Tissue, by Species dataset and follow the interactive to graph the data. Which statement(s) correctly describe the graph? (Check all that apply.) The two species with highest levels are both fish.The two species with highest levels are both fish. Turtles had a pollutant level about three times that of clams.Turtles had a pollutant level about three times that of clams. No invertebrate (excludes fish and turtles) had a level above 0.05 ppm.No invertebrate (excludes fish and turtles) had a level above 0.05 ppm. The fish species with the highest level was about three times the value of the fish species with the lowest level.The fish species with the highest level was about three…
A researcher was interested in models and mechanisms of succession in the rocky intertidal where disturbance is frequent. They observed that in newly bare rock space created by disturbance that two species of barnacles arrived first, followed by macroalgae. Limpets are an important herbivore of macroalgae. They were interested in how species interactions would affect succession. They conducted a series of experiments removing barnacles and/or limpets and examined algal abundance to be able to fill in the attached interaction diagram. See attached image See second attached image for question
Species richness of many taxa (birds, trees, etc.) increases from the poles to the equator. Ecologists do not know exactly why, but the following idea(s) is/are well supported by evidence: Question 11 options: - The warmer climates of the tropics have longer growing seasons, more primary productivity and more benign climates which produce a larger resource base for more species and may increase specialization. - Polar and temperate regions have had to “start over” many times after successive glaciations, so species have had to re-colonize those areas. - Extinction rates are lower in tropical areas than temperate areas. --- First and Second Answers are BOTH true. --- Second and Third Answers are BOTH true
The following statements are true except a. Founder-controlled communities are those in which there are species that has theability to invade gaps and competitors that can hold the gaps against all comersduring their lifetimeb. Dominance-controlled communities are those in which some species arecompetitively superior to others so that an initial colonizer of a patch cannotnecessarily maintain its presence therec. Primary successions occur in habitats where no seeds or spores remain from theprevious occupants of the site; all colonization must be from outside patchd. Secondary successions occur when existing communities are disturbed but someat least of their seeds and so on remain.
SCENARIO: Ecologists have recently made an observation regarding a species of nematode (round worm) commonly found in Australian soils with two distinct phenotypes appearing, the mutant form appears to have increased cuticle formation. This species is a crucial part of their ecosystem’s food web and is a predator of many soil microbes. The divergent phenotype appears to negatively affect its predatory behaviour, which could have disastrous flow on effects to the rest of the ecosystem. Preliminary studies also indicate this phenotype has a genetic basis, so is not caused by infection. You have been tasked with uncovering the genetic basis of this phenotype. Q1. Given the phenotype blister nematode leads to a negative impact on the nematode’s predatory behaviour, develop a hypothesis as to why this phenotype is increasing among the population (i.e. it is being positively selected for): Q2. Briefly describe an experiment you could use to test this hypothesis:
SCENARIO: Ecologists have recently made an observation regarding a species of nematode (round worm) commonly found in Australian soils with two distinct phenotypes appearing, the mutant form appears to have increased cuticle formation. This species is a crucial part of their ecosystem’s food web and is a predator of many soil microbes. The divergent phenotype appears to negatively affect its predatory behaviour, which could have disastrous flow on effects to the rest of the ecosystem. Preliminary studies also indicate this phenotype has a genetic basis, so is not caused by infection. You have been tasked with uncovering the genetic basis of this phenotype. Q6. Given the phenotype leads to a negative impact on the nematode’s predatory behaviour, develop a hypothesis as to why this phenotype is increasing among the population (i.e. it is being positively selected for): Q7. Briefly describe an experiment you could use to test this hypothesis:
Which of the following statements best represents the productivityhypothesis regarding species richness?a. The larger the area, the greater the number of species that will befound there.b. Temperate regions have a lower species richness due to the lack oftime available for migration after the last Ice Age.c. The number of species in a particular community is directly relatedto the amount of available energy.d. As invertebrate productivity increases, species richness will increase.e. Species richness is not related to primary productivity.
What is the relationship between an increase in fossil fuel consumption and increased carbon in terrestrial plants? How might this change flora populations? What impact could twenty years at this level of consumption have on flora? What is the relationship between an increase in total carbon concentration (the smokestack) and increased carbon in the ocean surface? How might this change marine life populations? What impact could fifty years at this level of emissions have on marine fauna? On marine flora? In addition to circulating through the carbon cycle, where else might excess carbon be found? In fifty years, where would you be most likely to see excess carbon? Which areas are most highly (and quickly) affected by an increase in carbon emissions (and increase in fossil fuel consumption)? How would these effects manifest themselves? What are the dangers/benefits to these areas?
Shrimp fishing off the coast of Georgia was closed in 2001, due to a drastic reduction in the shrimp population. Landings of blue crab plummeted in 2002 and 2003, as five years of drought and greatly reduced freshwater flow from underground aquifers led to increased salinity in coastal estuaries. These habitats between open ocean and fresh water are “nurseries” for many marine animals. Speculate about possible causes for the decline in shrimp and blue crab populations.
Which marine zone would have the lowest total rate of photosynthesis? photic littoral abyssal pelagic intertidal
Stream orders 1 and 2 are generally shaded by tree canopy overhanging the streams. If you cleared the trees light will reach the stream. Why don't we see phytoplankton colonizing this site?