encryted using a shift cipher with C(x) = (P(x) – 12)( mod 26). Decrypt the The Ciphertext below was ciphertext. XIZWIGQOSGOF
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- In the -letter alphabet described in Example, use the affine cipher with keyto encipher the following message. all systems go What is the inverse mapping that will decipher the ciphertext? Example 2 Translation Cipher Associate the letters of the "alphabet" with the integers. Let and define the mapping by where is the key, the number of positions from the plaintext to the ciphertext. If our alphabet consists of through, in natural order, followed by a blank, then we have "letters" that we associate with the integers as follows:Use the alphabet C from the preceding problem and the affine cipher with key a=11andb=7 to decipher the message RRROAWFPHPWSUHIFOAQXZC:Q.ZIFLW/O:NXM and state the inverse mapping that deciphers this ciphertext. Exercise 7: Suppose the alphabet consists of a through z, in natural order, followed by a colon, a period, and then a forward slash. Associate these "letters" with the numbers 0,1,2,...,28, respectively, thus forming a 29-letter alphabet, C. Use the affine cipher with key a=3andb=22 to decipher the message OVVJNTTBBBQ/FDLWLFQ/GATYST and state the inverse mapping that deciphers this ciphertext.Suppose that the check digit is computed as described in Example . Prove that transposition errors of adjacent digits will not be detected unless one of the digits is the check digit. Example Using Check Digits Many companies use check digits for security purposes or for error detection. For example, an the digit may be appended to a -bit identification number to obtain the -digit invoice number of the form where the th bit, , is the check digit, computed as . If congruence modulo is used, then the check digit for an identification number . Thus the complete correct invoice number would appear as . If the invoice number were used instead and checked, an error would be detected, since .
- Encrypt the plaintext message “STOP GLOBAL WARMING” using the shift cipher with shift k = 11.An encryption function is given as f(p) = (p + 3) mod 26 where p is the position of the input letter in English alphabets and f(p) is the position of the encrypted alphabet. Find the encrypted representation of “STOP”. A new airline company wants to operate non-stop (two-way) flights between 33 major cities. What is the total number of flights the company needs for this operation?Alice is learning about the shift cipher. She chooses a random three-letter word (so all three-letter words in the dictionary have the same probability) and encrypts it using a shift cipher with a randomly chosen key (that is, each possible shift has probability 1/26). Eve intercepts the ciphertext mxp. (a) Compute P(M = cat | C = mxp). Show computational work. (b) Use the part (a) result to show that the shift cipher does not have perfect secrecy (this is also true because there are fewer keys than cipher texts). Show all work.
- Encrypt the message APPLES AND ORANGES using a shift cipher with key k = 13.The affine cipher E is given by E(x) ≡ 15x − 7 (mod 26). The conversion table for letters and numbers is attached. Suppose that you receive the enciphered message 14, 7, 6. Decipher the message and deduce the word that was sentSuppose that the ciphertext ERC WYJJMGMIRXPC EHZERGIH XIGLRSPSKC MW MRHMWXMRKYMWLEFPI JVSQ QEKMG was produced by encrypting a plaintext message using a shift cipher. What is the original plaintext?