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Excluding leaf senescence, describe three instances of programmed cell death as a part of normal plant development.
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- Describe two events or factors that can trigger leaf senescence. In what ways is leaf senescence a recycling process?Briefly elaborate the characteristics of somatic embryos and how to obtain somatic embryos indirectly from the provided in vitro plantletsHow does an undifferentiated plant cell “know” what type of cell to differentiate into (what are the two broad cues a plant uses to determine a cell's fate)?
- Briefly describe a generalized plant embryogenesis(a) What is the mutant that helps us to understand the adaxial identity of leaf development and the laminar outgrowth? (b) What is the mutant phenotype? (c) Which kind of protein does this gene encode?What does it mean when chromosomes are said to condense during prophase of mitosis? How long are chromosomes after condensation is complete? How big is a typical dividing cell in a root or shoot? If a chromosome were still 20 μm long after condensation, would it be possible for division to pull half of it to one end of the cell and the other half to theother end?
- in flowering control of plant, describe a situation wherein there are mutations in at least one or all of the genes responsible for control of the floral development.Mitotic Cell division occurs in dogs, potato, zebra, and parrots cells. Which character will be absent in potato plants but present in dogs, zebra, and parrots cells? a. Root apical meristems are present where mitosis occurs. b. The resulting cells will contain exact numbers of chromosomes comparing parental cells. c. Star shaped Aster formation occurs around centrioles. d. Cell plate formation occurs.Advantages of retaining the young sporophyte as an embryo within the parent plant include the following choices:A) The embryo is protected from desiccation.B) The embryo is able to quickly replicate, producing multiple copies that can be widely dispersed.C) The embryo is able to attain nutrients supplied by maternal tissues.D) The embryo is protected from pathogens.E) The embryo is protected from ultraviolet light.
- In the absence of centrioles among the cells of higher plants, give one pole-based mechanism exhibited by such cells and briefly explain how it helps chromosomes be pulled in opposite poles.Using the 'ABC model' of floral development, what would you expect the flowers of a mutant plant to look like if both A & B gene function had been destroyed?How does the cell cycle assure genetic continuity? How doesmitosis allow for the even distribution of genetic information tonew cells?