Explain how a retrovirus, which has an RNA genome, is able to integrate its genetic material into that of a host having a DNA genome.

Q: Compare and contrast the biosythesis of DNA viruses with RNA viruses.

A: DNA viruses are the viruses that have the genetic material as DNA, while RNA viruses are the viruses…

Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two human-infecting species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of…

Q: Give one reason for the fact that various viruses have different host ranges.

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: a. Since viruses lack metabolic enzymes, how can they synthesize necessary components? b. Name some…

A: Viruses are infectious agents that can only replicate inside a living host cell. They are inactive…

Q: Describe the process of viral reproduction.

A: Viral reproduction includes six stages: attachement, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly,…

Q: How might the virus target host-cell Z-DNA formation to block the synthesis of antiviral proteins?

A: Antiviral proteins are proteins formed by animal or human cells that are responsible for the…

Q: During the infective process, viruses may incorporatesegments of the host genome into their…

A: All viruses depend on cells for reproduction and metabolic processes. Viruses do not encode for all…

Q: Explain the unique characteristics of viruses compared toliving cells.

A: Viruses are the microscopic organisms that has cannot be seen through naked eyes. They can be…

Q: Compare and contrast viruses with regard to host range, structure, and genome.

A: The virus is microscopic and is even smaller than bacteria. they remain inactive or in the form of…

Q: Describe the path (through organisms and environments) that the West Nile virus took from Africa to…

A: West Nile Virus is one of the most common virus causing mosquito-borne illness in the United States.…

Q: List three ways in which viruses can be transmitted from one organism to another.

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: When transmitting a virus to the next host, they usually talk about horizontal and vertical…

A: Virus -  it is the connective link between live and alive  And it is inactive outside the cell

Q: Compare and contrast the biosynthesis of DNA viruses with RNA viruses.

A: DNA viruses DNA viruses use DNA as their genetic material. Examples are parvovirus, papilloma…

Q: Explain the six stages of a typical animal virus reproductivecycle.

A: The virus is an infectious agent and it replicates inside the living cells. It can infect all kinds…

Q: Explain how retroviruses function. Be sure to address the role of reverse transcriptase in the…

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can replicate only inside living host cells. They can…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of coronavirus and HIV virus.

A: Introduction :- Infection with HIV in humans was first discovered in a Central African chimp. When…

Q: Discuss the structure of virus.

A: A virus is a small parasite which is a small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA,…

Q: List a method a virus can use to prime DNA а replication and give an example of a virus that uses…

A: Introduction:  Viral replication means formation of viruses into the host cells during infection.…

Q: Depict the replication cycle of HIV, beginning with entry of the virus into host cells

A: AIDS is a condition in which the host's immune system is weakened. Many circumstances compromise the…

Q: Describe several viral diseases of humans, and explain why it is difficult to produce vaccines…

A: There are several viral diseases of humans like : 1 Chickenpox 2 Influenza  3 Herpes  4 Human…

Q: Give three examples of host cell proteins that are used by viruses, and in each case describe which…

A: Introduction  A virus is an infectious agent which replicates inside the host cells. Virus can…

Q: Describe Specialized transduction: transfer of specific genetic material by means of a virus…

A: Transduction is the process in which the foreign DNA is inserted into a cell by a viral vector or…

Q: Explain two ways in which animal viruses are released by a host cell.

A: Viruses follow a step-wise process to invade and seize control of their host cells. A typical…

Q: After attachment and entry, the next step of viral lifecycle is to…

A: To complete their life cycle, the viruses require a host cell. This is due to the fact that they…

Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…

A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…

Q: Explain what it means for a virus to become persistent or latent,and how these events are important.

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Retroviruses are dependent on reverse transcriptase, which does which of the following? Transcribes…

A: Answer- (d) creates a DNA copy of an RNA template In reverse transcription the RNA genome of the…

Q: Describe the unique characteristics of viruses.

A: The cells can be classified as prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The prokaryotic cells are…

Q: properties of virus particles

A:

Q: what could be the root causes why the COVID-19 Virus continue to spread? Name 5 main causes..

A: Viruses are infectious microparticles that cannot replicate independently. They infect the…

Q: A number of retroviruses can infect certain human cells. List two of them, briefly describe the…

A: ANSWER: Retroviruses- A type of viruses that have RNA as their genetic material in place of DNA.…

Q: Describe the importance of horizontal gene transfer between a virus and host.

A: Lateral gene transfer or horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between the…

Q: Explain how a virus can be genetically engineered to make it highly virulent and infectious

A: Introduction :- A virus is a small parasite that cannot reproduce by itself because it requires host…

Q: Describe the functions of the transcriptase/replicase complex in coronavirus replication.

A: Introduction :-  Coronaviruses are encapsulated RNA viruses with a positive strand that infect…

Q: Knowing that retroviruses operate on the principle of reversing thedirection of transcription from…

A: Retroviruses could do reverse transcription. That is, retroviruses could make DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Explain the life cycle of a virus

A: The life cycle of a virus is divided into five steps: attachment, penetration, biosynthesis,…

Q: Describe the lysogenic pathway of a virus.  How different is it from the lytic pathway?

A: Viruses They are microscopic microorganisms. They can multiply only inside the host cell as they…

Q: Differentiate a segmented genome from the genome of a retrovirus

A: Viruses are particles composed of capsid and genome.

Q: Explain the Life cycle of the AIDS virus?

A: Viruses are infectious agents with a very different organization as well as reproduction. A complete…

Q: Identify and explain in what ways does west nile virus impact human health

A: Introduction :- The West Nile Virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses, which also…

Q: Describe the ways that viruses can spread between hosts.

A: Virus is small collection nof Genetic code like DNA or RNA which surrounded by Proteins coat and…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.