explain how does koch's postulates apply to the diagnosis of plant virus diseases today.

Q: why do baceria and viruses make good model systems for various genetic studies?

A: Genetics is known to be the division of biology, which is concerned with the study of genes. Gene is…

Q: Embryonated eggs are widely used for viral cultivation. Explain

A: Prior to the development of cell culture, most of viruses were propagated using embryonated eggs.…

Q: Name 1 budding inhibitor and the virus it is used to treat. How does it work?

A: Although there are presently no medications in clinical trials that target HIV budding, antivirals…

Q: Explain a method by which an antiviral drug could interfere withthe replication cycle of a virus.

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: Is mother plant and stock plant same? How meristem culture produce virus free plants

A: Mother plant have the ability to grow more and more plant for the purpose of taking cuttings. The…

Q: Give one reason for the fact that various viruses have different host ranges.

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: What are the main human diseases caused by virus? Need more information about that

A: We have to explain in the above question what are the main human diseases caused by virus.

Q: Create a chart based on reservoirs modes of transmission and portals of entry. Please select 5…

A: Many infectious organisms need a reservoir, where they thrive and it is from this reservoir that…

Q: Why does it take more than a week before a mosquito just infected with yellow fever virus can…

A: Yellow fever - It is a viral fever, which is transmitted via mosquitos. It causes mild fever,…

Q: Does an insect disease vector like a mosquito have to intake blood to transmit a pathogen to a host?

A: Yes, mosquito have to intake blood to transmit a pathogen to a host because when a mosquito intake…

Q: what impact could a mutation that makes the binding to the ACE-2 receptors stronger have on a…

A: virus are obligate parasites ,which becomes active when inside a living cell . they use many…

Q: osaic disease was NOT caused by a bacteria?

A: The virus can be defined as the submicroscopic infectious agent that can replicate inside the living…

Q: If a person contracted MRSA and no antibiotics are working on them, how would you go about finding a…

A: MRSA is an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph…

Q: What is the signifi cance of a virus that can directly infect humans from chickens? Why do you think…

A: H5N1 or bird flu is a subtype of influenza A virus. It is highly infectious virus. It spreads…

Q: Why is it especially important for plant viruses that they remain stable outside the plant?

A: Plant viruses are the viruses that affect plants, these are obligate intracellular parasites without…

Q: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: Name of diseases of viruses plant diseases and their scientific name

A: Viruses are non living.they cause various diseases and they infect the plants,animals and bacteria…

Q: What caused the Bubonic plague pathogens to transmit to humans?

A: Bubonic plague is an infectious fever caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The disease was…

Q: a. What characteristics of viruses could be used to characterize them as lifeforms?b. What makes…

A: Viruses: These are submicroscopic and non cellular infectious agent that replicate only inside the…

Q: How could this research lead to the development of drugs to combat infection by variola and related…

A: Variola is the smallpox viruses and it is bioterrorism. Smallpox is a highly lethal contagious…

Q: How are plant viruses transmitted?

A: In plant physiology, plant viruses are defined as the various types of viruses that affect the…

Q: What is an emerging virus? Give two examples. Propose an experiment to explain how an emerging virus…

A: Viruses are the sub-microscopic pathogens that behave as a pathogen only when it is inside some host…

Q: Fill in the data table below. An example attached below is provided as a guide.  Microorganism:…

A: Introduction  The influenza virus family includes the A, B, C, and D strains. Nearly every winter in…

Q: Explain two ways in which animal viruses are released by a host cell.

A: Viruses follow a step-wise process to invade and seize control of their host cells. A typical…

Q: principle of a plant virus that transmits through an animal vector

A: A virus is a small microscopic infectious microbe that is non-living until and unless it finds a…

Q: Is there a correlation between the speed of a viral infection and its potential mortality rate?…

A: The abnormal conditions that hinder normal body functioning are referred to as a disease. The…

Q: What is the continuous challenge that the influenza virus presents toscientists and public health…

A: Influenza refers to an acute respiratory illness that spreads from zoonotic reservoirs among aquatic…

Q: Covid-19, an enveloped virus, cause a pandemic

A: COVID-19 is a strain of corona virus. In Covid-19 the name was taken from- Co- corona Vi- virus D-…

Q: What are antiviral and antitumor agents? Why would it be significant if fluid extracted from…

A: * Antiviral agents are the drugs that used to treat or control viral infections. These agents will…

Q: Explain briefly about The Case of Genetically Modified Tomato Paste

A: A plants  whose the DNA has been modified using genetic engineering method are known as genetically…

Q: Discuss how researchers determined that TMV is a virus that causes damage to plants.

A: TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus. It infects a wide variety…

Q: Give example of plant viral diseases.

A: Plant viruses are usually rod-shaped. Most of them contain nucleic acid in the form of RNA.

Q: A botanist notices that a tomato plant looks diseased. How could the botanist confirm that the agent…

A: Viroids considered as the smallest infectious plant  pathogens .are composed solely of a short…

Q: Virus don’t have the muscles or flagella but still able to be systemic in plants. Explain.

A: Systemic infection is the type of infection that spreads to most of the part or the whole body. This…

Q: Virus may have a broad or a narrow tropism. Explain what this means.

A: A virus is a tiny piece of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein coat. A virus…

Q: In agriculture, what are the six steps involved in the disease cycle? Describe what occurs at each…

A: The series of events from the development of disease, which also includes stages of developmet of…

Q: In comparison to fungal and bacterial pathogens; why it is difficult to make assumption that plants…

A: Plants gets infected by multiple viruses in many cases. This combination of viruses can trigger a…

Q: Identify one example of a pathogen species, including a short description of animal   disease for…

A: In the broad understanding, a pathogen is any organism capable of causing illness. An infectious…

Q: Many scientists start believing that plant viruses may be responsible for human disorders. Yes or…

A: Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome;…

Q: Why are vector-borne diseases particularly likely to be affected by climate change

A: Vector-borne diseases are those diseases that are caused by a vector. These vectors can carry…

Q: Contrast horizontal and vertical transmission of virusesin plants.

A: The mode of transmission of viruses differs from organism to organism. It is transmitted by the bite…

Q: Define the following terms: a. virus b. virion c. capsid d. retrovirus e. enveloped virus

A: Introduction: Pathogens are the organisms that cause disease. Different types of pathogens are…

Q: How can DNA sequencing be used to identify other classes of pathogens such as viruses

A: DNA Carries the gene which codes for the protein .These proteins are responsible for expression of…