Answered: Explain the principles of the redox…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Explain the principles of the redox code. Distinguish between redox switches and redox sensors.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Biological systems follow a redox code that defines how nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, NADP) and thiol/disulfide systems are positioned in space and time.
Oxygen-dependent organisms have a highly elaborated code.

Step 2

The redox code consists of four principles:

NAD and NADP are reversible electron acceptors and donors, providing metabolism that runs near equilibrium.
Redox switches control tertiary structure, macromolecular interactions, trafficking, activity, and function through kinetic regulation of metabolism in the proteome.
Redox sensing -in that redox cycles, particularly with regard to H2O2, facilitate spatiotemporal sequencing within cells and organisms.
Through microcompartments, subcellular systems, and cellular and tissue organization, redox networks form an adaptive system that responds to the environment. If functionally impaired, this adaptive redox network contributes to disease and organism failure in a changing environment.

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