Explain the processes of upregulation and downregulation and how these processes lead to tolerance and withdrawal, using opioids as an example. Because of repeated administration of opioids, what changes happen in the nervous system, and what are BOTH the acute effects of opioid use and withdrawal symptoms from opioids.

Explain the processes of upregulation and downregulation and how these processes lead to tolerance and withdrawal, using opioids as an example. Because of repeated administration of opioids, what changes happen in the nervous system, and what are BOTH the acute effects of opioid use and withdrawal symptoms from opioids.

Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305143531

Author:CURREN

Publisher:CURREN

Chapter10: Reconstitution Of Powdered Drugs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 39SST

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