Answered: Explain the terms (i) steam economy…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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1. a. Explain the terms (i) steam economy (ii) vapourrecompression.

b. A single-effect evaporator is being used to concentrate 10,000 kg/h of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the evaporator at 15°C. The evaporator is operated with steam (80% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum inside the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 75°C. Calculate (a) the steam requirements and (b) steam economy for the process. Assume the condensate is discharged at 75°C. The speciﬁc heat of the liquid feed is 4.1kJ/(kg°C) and the concentrated product is 3.1kJ/(kg°C).

2. Heated air at 50C and 10% relative humidity is used to dry rice in a bin dryer. The air exits the bin under saturated conditions. With the aid of a psychometric chart, determine the amount of water removed per kg of dry air.

3. Estimate the osmotic pressure of orange juice with 11% total solids at 20°C, using the Gibb’s relationship.

4. Write brief comments, with equations where appropriate, on the following

i. Constant Pressure filtration

ii. Constant Rate Filtration

iii. Constant Rate drying

iv. Falling Rate drying

v. Reverse Osmosis

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