Question 5.(a) Express the permutation (2 4 5) (1 3 5 5)(1 2 5) as a single cycle or as a product of cycles.(b) How many elements of the permutation group Se map 2 to 2 and 5 to 5, while the re-maining numbers in the set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} are free to permute?In the Cartesian plane = {(x, y): x,y E R} consisting of points with rectangularcoordinates (x, y), define the relation by (1.91) (2, 2)x1 = ₂.(c) Prove that is an equivalence relation on the set P.(d) Describe the equivalence classes geometrically.

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Elements Of Modern Algebra

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285463230

Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie

Chapter3: Groups

Section3.2: Properties Of Group Elements

Problem 3E: Prove part e of Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.4: Properties of Group Elements Let G be a group with respect...

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The alternating group A4 on 4 elements is the same as the group D4 of symmetries for a square. That is. A4=D4.
In Exercises 3 and 4, let be the octic group in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let be the subgroup of the octic group . Find the distinct left cosets of in , write out their elements, partition into left cosets of , and give . Find the distinct right cosets of in , write out their elements, and partition into right cosets of . Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group are as follows: 1. the identity mapping 2. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 3. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 4. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 5. the reflection about the horizontal line 6. the reflection about the diagonal 7. the reflection about the vertical line 8. the reflection about the diagonal . The dihedral group of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
In Exercises 3 and 4, let G be the octic group D4=e,,2,3,,,, in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group D4 of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group D4 are as follows: 1. the identity mapping e=(1) 2. the counterclockwise rotation =(1,2,3,4) through 900 about the center O 3. the counterclockwise rotation 2=(1,3)(2,4) through 1800 about the center O 4. the counterclockwise rotation 3=(1,4,3,2) through 2700 about the center O 5. the reflection =(1,4)(2,3) about the horizontal line h 6. the reflection =(2,4) about the diagonal d1 7. the reflection =(1,2)(3,4) about the vertical line v 8. the reflection =(1,3) about the diagonal d2. The dihedral group D4=e,,2,3,,,, of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for D4 is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
Find subgroups H and K of the group S(A) in example 3 of section 3.1 such that HK is not a subgroup of S(A). From Example 3 of section 3.1: A=1,2,3 and S(A) is a set of all permutations defined on A.
Use mathematical induction to prove that if a1,a2,...,an are elements of a group G, then (a1a2...an)1=an1an11...a21a11. (This is the general form of the reverse order law for inverses.)
True or False Label each of the following statements as either true or false. The symmetric group on elements is the same as the group of symmetries for an equilateral triangle. That is, .
Exercises 3. Find the order of each element of the group in Example of section. Example 3. We shall take and obtain an explicit example of . In order to define an element of , we need to specify , , and . There are three possible choices for . Since is to be bijective, there are two choices for after has been designated, and then only one choice for . Hence there are different mappings in .
Prove part c of Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.4: Properties of Group Elements Let G be a group with respect to a binary operation that is written as multiplication. The identity element e in G is unique. For each xG, the inverse x1 in G is unique. For each xG,(x1)1=x. Reverse order law: For any x and y in G, (xy)1=y1x1. Cancellation laws: If a,x, and y are in G, then either of the equations ax=ay or xa=ya implies that x=y.
In Example 3, the group S(A) is nonabelian where A={ 1,2,3 }. Exhibit a set A such that S(A) is abelian. Example 3. We shall take A={ 1,2,3 } and obtain an explicit example of S(A). In order to define an element f of S(A), we need to specify f(1), f(2), and f(3). There are three possible choices for f(1). Since f is to be bijective, there are two choices for f(2) after f(1) has been designated, and then only once choice for f(3). Hence there are 3!=321 different mappings f in S(A).
Exercises In Section 3.3, the centralizer of an element a in the group G was shown to be the subgroup given by Ca=xGax=xa. Use the multiplication table constructed in Exercise 20 to find the centralizer Ca for each element a of the octic group D4. Construct a multiplication table for the octic group D4 described in Example 12 of this section.
Prove part e of Theorem 3.4. Theorem 3.4: Properties of Group Elements Let G be a group with respect to a binary operation that is written as multiplication. The identity element e in G is unique. For each xG, the inverse x1 in G is unique. For each xG,(x1)1=x. Reverse order law: For any x and y in G, (xy)1=y1x1. Cancellation laws: If a,x, and y are in G, then either of the equations ax=ay or xa=ya implies that x=y.
Exercises 19. Find cyclic subgroups of that have three different orders.

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Express the permutation (2 4 5)(1 3 5 5)(1 25) as a single cycle or as a product of cycles.