/* foo5.c */ 1 /* bar5.c */ 2 #include 2 double x; 3 void f(void); 3 4 void f() 4 int x = 15213; int y 15212; 5 5 { 6 x = -0.0; 7 } 7 8 int main() { 10 f(); printf ("x = 0x%x y 0x%x \n", 11 12 х, у); 13 return 0; } 14 On an IA32/Linux machine, doubles are 8 bytes and ints are 4 bytes. Thus the assignment x = -0.0 in line 6 of bar5.c will overwrite the memory locations for x and y (lines 5 and 6 in foo5.c) with the double-precision floating-point representation of negative zero! linux> gcc -o foobar5 foo5.c bar5.c linux> ./foobar5 x = Ox0 y = Ox80000000 This is a subtle and nasty bug, especially because it occurs silently, with no warning from the compilation system, and because it typically manifests itself much later in the execution of the program, far away from where the error occurred. In a large system with hundreds of modules, a bug of this kind is extremely hard to fix, especially because many programmers are not aware of how linkers work. When in doubt, invoke the linker with a flag such as the GcC -fno-common flag, which triggers an error if it encounters multiply defined global symbols.

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