For a constant head laboratory permeability test on fine sand, the following values are given: Length of specimen, L = 16inches Diameter of specimen, D = 3inches Head difference, h = 23inches Water collected in 120 seconds = 0.057cu.in Void ratio, e = 0.38 a. Determine the hydraulic conductivity (in/min) of the soil.  b. Determine the discharge velocity (in/min) through the soil.  c. Determine the seepage velocity (in/min)

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Soil Compaction Test

Soil compaction is the major area of geotechnical engineering. Soil is composed of multiple pores present on its surface, while the soil is mainly composed of gravel, sand, rocks, etc. The arrangement of these rocks and gravels is such that they build up voids (spaces) between them, which allows spaces for the roots of the plants and crops to spread and absorb the required amount of nutrients. Soil compaction is a major problem primarily caused by human activities, micro-organisms, and other multiple factors.