For a wastewater sample, the three-day biochemical oxygen demand at incubation temperature of 20°C (BOD3day, 20°c) is estimated as 200 mg/L. Taking the value of the first order BOD reaction rate constant as 0.22 day-¹, the five- day BOD (expressed in mg/L) of the wastewater at incubation temperature of 20°C (BOD5day, 20°c) would be
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- Estimate the reduction in bacteria during the passage of wastewater that initially contains 106organisms per milliliter through three stabilization ponds that are arranged in series. The volumes of the three ponds are 10,000; 20,000; and 6,000 m3, respectively. The flowrate is 1000 m3/d. Assume that steady-state conditions apply, that the ponds are completely mixed due to wind action, that first-order decay kinetics apply, and that the value of the reaction rate constant k is 1.0 d-1. What is the overall conversion for these ponds in series? Instead of having three separate ponds in series what would the conversion be for one equivalent pond of the same total volume?For a completely mixed activated sludge reactor treating municipal wastewater, we can assume the following kinetic and operating parameters: Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) = 3 day-1 Yield = 0.6 mass cells/mass BOD5 utilized Half-velocity coefficient (KS) = 200 mg/L Decay coefficient (KD) = 0.06 day-1 Influent substrate concentration (S0) = 400 mg/L MCRT = 5 days Reactor volume = 3 ML (million liters) Wastewater flow rate (Q) = 10 MLD (million liters per day) Returned activated sludge flow rate (QR) = 5 MLD Calculate the substrate concentration in the effluent (S), cell concentration in the reactor (X), sludge production rate (QWXW), hydraulic retention time (θH), waste sludge flow rate (QW), F/M ratio, and clarifier size.In a biological wastewater treatment system, which of the following conditions could beconsidered as an anoxic condition: ( )(A) [Dissolved Oxygen] = 3.5 mg/L and [Ammonia-N] = 10 mg/L;(B) [Dissolved Oxygen] = 0.3 mg/L and [Nitrate-N] = 15 mg/L;(C) [Dissolved Oxygen] = 0.05 mg/L and [Nitrate-N] = 0.1 mg/L;(D) [Dissolved Oxygen] < 0.05 mg/L and [Ammonia-N] = 10 mg/L
- A city of 20,000 people disposes of 1.05 m3/s of treated sewage that still has an ultimate BOD of 28.0 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L DO into a river. Upstream from the outfall, the river has a flow rate of 7.08 m3/s and a velocity of 0.37 m/s. At this point, the ultimate BOD and the DO in the river are 3.6 and 7.6 mg/L, respectively. The saturation value of DO (at the temperature of the river) is 8.5 mg/L. The deoxygenation coefficient is 0.61/day, and the reaeration coefficient is 0.76/day. Assume complete mixing and the velocity in the river is the same upstream and downstream of the outfall. What is the oxygen deficit and the ultimate BOD just downstream from the outfall (just after mixing, before any reaction can occur)?A wastewater contains 0.2 M pyruvate. Estimate the volume of methane in liters (STP) that would be produced per liter of wastewater from anaerobic treatment in a CSTR with a detention time of 15 d, assuming an efficiency of wastewater treatment of 97%. In order to solve this problem use thermodynamics to estimate f9 with an energy transfer efficiency of 60%, and assume the organism decay rate is 0.08 d'. Please correct answer otherwise dislikeA lake with a volume of 10.0 x 10^6 m^3 that is fed by a stream with a flow rate of 5 m^3/sec and a pollutant concentration equal to 10mg/L. An industry dishcharges treated wastewater at a rate of 0.5 m^3/sec of the same pollutant into the lake at a concentration 100mg/L. The pollutant has a reaction rate constant of 0.20/day. Assuming pollutant is completely mixed in the lake and that ther is no evaporation and no other water losses or gains, determine the steady-state concentration of the pollutant in the lake.
- A lake is fed by a polluted stream and a sewage outfall. The stream and sewage wastes have a decay rate coefficient (k) of 0.9/day (1st order units). Assuming complete mixing and no other water losses or gains, what is the steady-state pollutant concentration as mg/L in the lake?Incoming Stream: C = 10 mg/L, Q = 90 m^3/sSewage Outfall: C = 300 ppm, Q = 0.5 m^3/sLake: V= 10,000 m^3The flow of a river is 1.5 m3/s, the river is polluted with the pesticide permethrin and flows into a lake (100 m x 100 m 2.5 m) 25000m3. Steady state concentration of permethrin leaving the lake is 1.4 ppm and the average cross-sectional area of the river is 2.7 m2. The half-life of permethrin in this environment is 19 hrs.A 0.15 L sample of water has an initial dissolved oxygen level of 8.35 mg/L. After five days in incubation in a 300 mL BOD bottle, the dissolved oxygen level has decreased to 4.09 mg/L. Calculate the BOD5.
- A river, flowing at 1.5 m3/s, is polluted with the pesticide permethrin and flows into a lake (100 m x 100 m 2.5 m). The steady state concentration of permethrin leaving the lake is 1.4 ppm and the average cross-sectional area of the river is 2.7 m2. The half-life of permethrin in this environment is 19 hrs. What is the concentration of permethrin entering the lake? What distance downstream of the outlet would the concentration be less than 1 ppm?A lake with a constant volume of 10 x 10^6m^3 is fed by a pollution-free stream with a flow rate of 50 m^3/s. A factory discharges 5 m^3/s of a non conservative waste with a concentration of 100 mg/L into the lake. The pollution has a reaction rate coefficient K of 0.35/day. Assuming the pollution is well mixed in the lake, find the steady-state concentration of the pollution in the lake.A small town discharges its sewage effluent in a nearby river. The river has an initial background BOD of 23.5 mg/L.The oxygen deficit just upstream from the point of discharge of the sewerage is 4 mg/L. The river is flowing at aspeed of 43 km/day. You have been asked to determine the impact of this town’s sewerage discharge on the rivergiven that the deoxygenation rate coefficient kd is 0.3/day, and the reaeration rate coefficient kr is 0.5/day.a) A sensitive fish species inhabits the river 120 km from the point of discharge. Determine if the impact of theBOD will have led to the minimum DO before or after the location of the fish species.b) Find the minimum DO due to the effluent discharge.c) Discuss the oxygen deficit in relation to the location of the fish species and whether the fish are at risk due tothe discharge upstream.