For the article "Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption" (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14557) answer the following points: - What was the question addressed by the author(s)? What was the author's hypothesis? - Overall, what did the author physically do, use, and/or document to test the hypothesis? - Summarize the results.

For the article "Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption" (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14557) answer the following points: - What was the question addressed by the author(s)? What was the author's hypothesis? - Overall, what did the author physically do, use, and/or document to test the hypothesis? - Summarize the results.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter53: Population Interactions And Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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For the article "Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption" (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14557) answer the following points: - Summarize the results - What did the author(s) conclude about the question or pattern based on the data? - What are the strengths/weaknesses of the study? What might you do as a follow-up?
Why is plant apparency related to its chemical protection from herbivores? Why do some predators maximize energy, whereas others maximize time? Why do many parasites include intermediate hosts in their life cycles? Explain the importance of pollinator constancy to the flower. Why is environmental filtering so crucial to community structure? What roles do competitive exclusion and character displacement play in community structure? Successional sequences are altered by consumers of pioneer species. What ecological features of the pioneer species contribute to this phenomenon? Describe the two key elements of community stability.
Watch the suggested videos for Plants Response to Stimuli. a. GeotropismGeotropism Experiment (2:48 minutes)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEo5UsPeB5gb. PhototropismPhototropism Experiment (2:16 minutes)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ1NRP3OF5w a. For each experimental set up (geotropism and phototropism), identify the dependent and independent variables that have contributed to how plants responded to the stimuli.
QUESTION 7 A) Provide one example of effective plant defense strategy designed to prevent infection by a necrotropich pathogen OR get an herbivore to stop eating it, and B) provide one example of an effective plant defense strategy designed to prevent infection by a biotrophic pathogen
Organisms that damage crop plants are the most costly of introduced species. Weeds, pathogenic microbes, and arthropods that attack crops together account for half of the costs documented by Pimentel and his colleagues. What steps can we—farmers, governments, and all of us as a society—take to minimize the impacts of invasive species on crops?
Using the following hypotheses, formulate a testable prediction for each. HYPOTHESIS: When planted alongside asparagus, marigolds will deter asparagus beetles. Prediction: HYPOTHESIS: Fertilizers increase the number of beans per plant. Prediction: HYPOTHESIS: More salts will dissolve in hot water than in cold water. Prediction:
Intraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. In the given context, can you explain thoroughly the meaning of plant density that this passage is talking about?
Table 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Explain using data from Table 1 and Figure 2 the two different physiological strategies for these species against the environmental stressors expected from Figure 1. Figure 2.(attached) Pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) for the two species at different dates throughout the year.
Table 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Please Describe the data in Table 1
do you believe that a combination of Insect Pest management techniques (crop rotation, timing of plantings, and timing of tillage and harvest) is better than using only one type? Justify your stand.
Intraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. Explain why knowledge of the effects in density is important to the crop farmer.
What is the relationship between changes in cone production and changes in growing season temperatures?Why might this relationship exist (provide 1–2 potential explanations)