From the given soil profile, a surcharge load of 120 kPa is acting at the top of the ground surface. If the ground water table is located 2 m below the ground surface, determine the following: a. Primary consolidation settlement of the AP=120 kPa normally-consolidated clay layer. b. If a pre-consolidation pressure of 100 kPa existed before, what is the primary 2m Sand consolidation pressure for the over- V ground waưer table consolidated clay layer? Assume swell index to be 1/5 of the compression index. Sand 3m e=0.50 c. If the primary settlement was completed after 2 years, determine the secondary G#2.70 consolidation 3 years after the start of the primary settlement. Clay 2.5m 5m G=2,60 Pa LI 40%

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.