Given the data word x^7+x^6+x^4+x^2+1and the divisor x^3+x+1, show the generation of the codeword at the sender site
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Given the data word x^7+x^6+x^4+x^2+1and the divisor x^3+x+1, show the generation of the codeword at the sender site.
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- The following character encoding is used in a data link protocol: A: 01000111; B: 11100011; FLAG: 01111110; ESC: 11100000 Show the bit sequence transmitted in binary for the four character frame: A B ESC FLAG when each of the following framing methods is used: a) Character count b) Flag bytes with byte stuffing c) Starting and ending flag bytes, with bit stuffing. Please solve within 30 minutes. Asap.In a bus CSMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, a collision occurs 20 μs after the first bit of the frame leaves the sending station. What should the length of the frame be so that the sender can detect the collision?Computer Science With the CBC/OFB/CFB/CTR mode: (a) if there is a single bit transmission error in block C3 of the ciphertext, which plaintext blocks are affected? CBC and CTR (b) Suppose that there is a bit error in the source version of P1. Through how many ciphertext blocks is this error propagated? What is the effect at the receiver?
- A deadlock occurs in the transport layer when the:a. checksum result is invalidb. transmission error is randomc. data transmission is bidirectionald.segment is lostSuppose Alice and Bob are going to communicate using AES in CBC mode. Unfortunately Alice's message length (in bytes) is not a multiple of 16. Suppose the last block of her message is just a single zero byte. How can she pad out the last block so that she can use CBC mode? Since this needs to be a reversible operation, how does Bob recognize the padding and remove it?Suppose the message that should be transmitted from host A to host B contains the following four bytes: 01110111, 11011010, 10011101, and 00110011. Find the checksum of this message computed by host A, assuming the checksum is computed as sum of bytes rather than sum of 16 bits. Show your work.
- Suppose that a binary message – either 0 or 1 – must be transmitted by wire from location Ato location B. However, the data sent over the wire are subject to a channel noise disturbance,so to reduce the possibility of error, the value 2 is sent over the wire when the message is1, and the value −2 is sent when the message is 0. If X, X = {−2,2}, is the value sent atlocation A, the value received at location B, denoted as R, is given byR = X + N ,where N is the channel noise disturbance, which is independent of X. When the message isreceived at location B, the receiver decodes it according to the following rule:if R ≥.5, then conclude that message 1 was sentif R < .5, then conclude that message 0 was sentAssuming that the channel noise, N, is a unit normal random variable and that the message0 or 1 is sent with equal probability, what is the probability that we conclude that the wrongmessage was sent? This is the probability of error for this communication channelSuppose a new CSMA/CD protocol is designed for a 100 Mbps bus network with topology similar to 10Base2. The minimum frame length is 40 bytes. What is the maximum length of the longest cable connecting two nodes so that the collision detection mechanism still works? Write symbolic equations (e.g. using d=distance, R=data rate, etc.) and derive the solution. Explain with words what is going on.In a selective-reject automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control protocol, the bit error rate (BER) is assumed to be BER= 10 ^-8 and the frames are assumed to be 1000 bits long. The probability that it will take exactly 11 attempts to transmit a frame successfully is: (a) 0.99 (b) 99x10 ^-22 (c) 10x10^ -6 (d) 1000x10 ^-5 The probability of receiving a frame in error is approximately: (a) 10^ -3 (b) 10^ -5 (c) 10^ -6 (d) 10^ -2
- Suppose the message that should be transmitted from host A to host B contains the following four bytes: 01110111, 11011010, 10011101, and 00110011. Suppose the data and checksum arrive at host B without any errors. Show what is done at host B to detect that no error occurred.The minimum number of columns in a datagram network is two; the minimumnumber of columns in a virtual-circuit network is four. Can you explain thereason? Is the difference related to the type of addresses carried in the packetsof each network?Explain the Selective repeat error control protocol: on an end-to-end basis; on a link-by-link basis.