How can the results from this study be appropriately applied to everyday life?Group of answer choices 1. Direct support professionals who smoke are not likely to influence the smoking behaviors of their clients with developmental disabilities 2. Direct support professionals who work with clients with developmental disabilities should be required to quit smoking 3. You should feel free to smoke around individuals with developmental disabilities because it will definitely not influence their smoking behaviors 4. You should never smoke around an individual with a developmental disability because they are more likely to adopt smoking behaviors The majority of DSPS (63.6%, n=252) and peopie with DD(92.2%, n=355) were reported as being never smokers. Twentythree and a half percent (n= 93) of DSPS and 1.5% (n=6) of peoplewith DD were reported as being former smokers. Approximately13% (n=51) of DSPS and 6.2% (n=24) of people with DD werereported as being current smokers. For the purpose of this analysis,former/never smokers were grouped together and compared tocurrent smokers because the primary aim of this study was toassess the relationship between current smoking behaviors due tothe construct of role-modeling. There was no significant difference(t=–1.8, p=0.076) between the ages of current smokers (41.3SD=11.3) and never/former smokers (35.8 SD= 14.5) with DD noramong DSPS (t=0.553, p=0.312) who were current smokers(42.12 SD=11.8) and never/former smokers (43.16 SD= 12.8).Current smokers with DD were significantly more likely to livealone than non-smokers (xỉ = 20.0, p = 0.00), with 58.3% (n =14)of current smokers living alone. Among current smokers with DD,significantly more (t=6.78, p=0.00) were males (66.7%, n=1|= 16)than females (33.3%, n =8). There was no association between thecurrent smoking status (current smoker vs. never/former smoker)of DSPS and people with DD (xi = 0.300, p=0.584). Among DSPSwho reported being current smokers, the majority (53.8%, n=28)reported smoking outside of the home during their shift, while lessthan half (44.2%, n=23) reported not smoking at all during theirshift and only one reported smoking inside the home. There was nosignificant association between DSPS smoking during their work A B S TR A C TBackground: People with developmental disabilities are not immune from the addictive effects and poorhealth outcomes associated with cigarette use. Direct support professionals often play a large role in thesocial environments of people with developmental disabilities and the literature suggests that one'senvironment can influence behavior.Objectives: To examine the relationship between the smoking behaviors of people with developmentaldisabilities and their direct support professional providers. Two exploratory aims of the study were toassess how direct support professionals facilitate smoking behaviors and to describe the use of homesmoking policies.Methods: The Ohio Department of Disabilities' online provider search database was used to randomlyselect participants. A total of 398 direct support professionals completed an online survey aboutsmoking. Direct support professionals served as proxy reporters for the smoking behaviors of those withdevelopmental disabilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi–Square tests were used.Results: Findings suggest that there was no significant relationship (xỉ = 0.300, p=0.584) between thecurrent smoking behaviors of people with developmental disabilities and their direct support providers.Direct support professionals were most likely to facilitate smoking behaviors by allowing people withdevelopmental disabilities to smoke in front of them and waiting for them to finish smoking beforemoving on to a new activity. Approximately 46% of people with developmental disabilities were reportedto have some type of home smoking policy.Conclusions: Future research is needed to better understand the reasons why people with developmentaldisabilities initially start smoking and continue to smoke.O 2018 Flsevier Inc All rights reserved

Question

How can the results from this study be appropriately applied to everyday life?Group of answer choices 1. Direct support professionals who smoke are not likely to influence the smoking behaviors of their clients with developmental disabilities 2. Direct support professionals who work with clients with developmental disabilities should be required to quit smoking 3. You should feel free to smoke around individuals with developmental disabilities because it will definitely not influence their smoking behaviors 4. You should never smoke around an individual with a developmental disability because they are more likely to adopt smoking behaviors The majority of DSPS (63.6%, n=252) and peopie with DD(92.2%, n=355) were reported as being never smokers. Twentythree and a half percent (n= 93) of DSPS and 1.5% (n=6) of peoplewith DD were reported as being former smokers. Approximately13% (n=51) of DSPS and 6.2% (n=24) of people with DD werereported as being current smokers. For the purpose of this analysis,former/never smokers were grouped together and compared tocurrent smokers because the primary aim of this study was toassess the relationship between current smoking behaviors due tothe construct of role-modeling. There was no significant difference(t=–1.8, p=0.076) between the ages of current smokers (41.3SD=11.3) and never/former smokers (35.8 SD= 14.5) with DD noramong DSPS (t=0.553, p=0.312) who were current smokers(42.12 SD=11.8) and never/former smokers (43.16 SD= 12.8).Current smokers with DD were significantly more likely to livealone than non-smokers (xỉ = 20.0, p = 0.00), with 58.3% (n =14)of current smokers living alone. Among current smokers with DD,significantly more (t=6.78, p=0.00) were males (66.7%, n=1|= 16)than females (33.3%, n =8). There was no association between thecurrent smoking status (current smoker vs. never/former smoker)of DSPS and people with DD (xi = 0.300, p=0.584). Among DSPSwho reported being current smokers, the majority (53.8%, n=28)reported smoking outside of the home during their shift, while lessthan half (44.2%, n=23) reported not smoking at all during theirshift and only one reported smoking inside the home. There was nosignificant association between DSPS smoking during their work A B S TR A C TBackground: People with developmental disabilities are not immune from the addictive effects and poorhealth outcomes associated with cigarette use. Direct support professionals often play a large role in thesocial environments of people with developmental disabilities and the literature suggests that one'senvironment can influence behavior.Objectives: To examine the relationship between the smoking behaviors of people with developmentaldisabilities and their direct support professional providers. Two exploratory aims of the study were toassess how direct support professionals facilitate smoking behaviors and to describe the use of homesmoking policies.Methods: The Ohio Department of Disabilities' online provider search database was used to randomlyselect participants. A total of 398 direct support professionals completed an online survey aboutsmoking. Direct support professionals served as proxy reporters for the smoking behaviors of those withdevelopmental disabilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi–Square tests were used.Results: Findings suggest that there was no significant relationship (xỉ = 0.300, p=0.584) between thecurrent smoking behaviors of people with developmental disabilities and their direct support providers.Direct support professionals were most likely to facilitate smoking behaviors by allowing people withdevelopmental disabilities to smoke in front of them and waiting for them to finish smoking beforemoving on to a new activity. Approximately 46% of people with developmental disabilities were reportedto have some type of home smoking policy.Conclusions: Future research is needed to better understand the reasons why people with developmentaldisabilities initially start smoking and continue to smoke.O 2018 Flsevier Inc All rights reserved

Accepted Answer

Developmental disabilities refer to the disabilities that are caused due to impairments in one's…