How did de Roode et al estimate parasite fitness? Why was it important for de Roode et al 2008 to show that there was a genetic basis for the relationship between parasite spore load and virulence
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How did de Roode et al estimate
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- Using the equation for R0, explain how transmission rate, host population size, virulence, and recovery rate affect a parasite’s fitness. Can you relate the equation for R0 to a diagram of a SIR model? How does R0 relate to dI/dt?How can host speciation impact parasite speciation? What are the potential outcomes for parasites?How does the Red Queen hypothesis affect coevolution between host species and parasites?
- In this experiment, lake sediments preserved stable samples of the parasite and host. What is one potentialdifficulty in studying antagonistic evolution in real-time or extant populations?What is the Red Queen Dynamic? Using the snail example, explain why different parasite and host genotypes are expected to oscillate in frequency? Why would this favor sexual reproduction or outcrossing?What are some reproductive changes that may be adaptive in the face of parasitism? Why may males have higher rates of mortality due to parasites than females?
- What is Brood parasitism? Give an example. What adaptation has evolved in this phenomenon?In the greater ani (Crotophaga major) (Riehl 2011) and the acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) (Koenig et al. 1995), a group of females shares the same nest. However, when some females begin to lay eggs in the communal nest, their eggs are often tossed from the nest by other group members. Use a cost–benefit approach to explain why females whose eggs are destroyed still remain with the group. Do you think the egg-tossing females are really cooperating with the others in their group? Please Do not write from an online sourceWhat would it mean if apredator removal experiment yielded theopposite results from those shown in Figure 54.5—that is, numbersof surviving moths increased where predators were not removed?
- According to the video, what was the effect of artificially-modified ant density in acacias on the elephant feeding behavior? (Choose one.) a. As the number of ants swarming increased per minute on acacia branches, so did the number of branches fed on by elephants. b. As the number of ants swarming increased per minute on acacia branches, the number of branches fed on by elephants decreased. c. As the density of ants per A. depranolobium increased, the number of trees fed on by elephants decreased. d. Elephants fed more frequently on Acacia depranolobium trees with their ants removed than on A. depranolobium trees with ants. video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3blzcbll7Q&t=293swhat is health equity and how did the health of people change in canda during covid 19 pandamic?Q1: Within which category are individuals most closely related to one another? Q2: Within which category are individual species most distantly related? Q3: Are individual species more closely related within the same order or within the same family?