How does a prokaryotic cell become immunized against aspecific virus?

Q: What is the typical reproduction cycle of a DNA virus?

A: DNA viruses have a protein coat to surround their genomic DNA. These viruses might have a…

Q: Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites?

A: Virus (latin. Poison) is a nucleoprotein entity which is able to utilize the synthetic machinery of…

Q: How do bacteriophages benefit and harm human hosts?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: How are viruses reproduced

A: Viruses are smaller than bacteria and can cause infections in all forms of life including plants,…

Q: What viruses possess a double-stranded RNA genome and whatdiseases do they cause?

A: Viruses are an acellular parasite that is not able to reproduce on their own. It is not considered…

Q: Do viruses have peptidoglycan?

A: Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They…

Q: How are disease bacteria transmitted?

A: Step 1 Infective disease agents are a wide range of organisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoans,…

Q: What are the Multiplication Cycles in Animal Viruses?

A: A virus should use cell processes to duplicate. The infectious agent replication cycle will turn out…

Q: What are some other human diseases caused by viruses?

A: Disease are any change from normal state of the body which causes discomfort or disability in the…

Q: What nucleic acid makes up this viral genome?

A: The virus life cycle divided into six steps that isattachment, penetration, uncoating, gene…

Q: What is a norovirus?

A: Norairal mediated endocytosis is the molecular mechanism followed by integration of viral genome RNA…

Q: what does the lytic cycle let the virus do?

A: Bacteriophage(phage) is defined as a group of viruses where they play a major role infecting the…

Q: Why are viruses considered “obligate intracellular parasites”?  What does it mean to be “obligate”?

A: Introduction :- Intracellular parasites are microscopic parasites that can grow and reproduce inside…

Q: what is a retro virus and how does this relate to HIV?

A: A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell…

Q: Will it be possible to eradicate many viral diseases in the same way as smallpox? Why or why not?

A: To explain: Whether it is possible to eradicate many viral diseases in the same way as smallpox

Q: How can a person acquire a viral infection?

A: Viruses are infectious agents that need a host cell to replicate and multiply. Viruses are composed…

Q: How do viruses use host cell?

A: Viruses are infectious organisms that are neither considered living or nonliving due to the fact…

Q: How are plant viruses transmitted?

A: In plant physiology, plant viruses are defined as the various types of viruses that affect the…

Q: why are non-enveloped viruses generally more resistant to disinfectants than are enveloped viruses?

A: Viruses are small microscopic organisms usually containing RNA as a genome that is coverd by a…

Q: How do viruses, such as Ebola, infect the cells of the body?

A: Ebola virus is considered one of the deadliest viruses to humans as it causes hemorrhagic fever in…

Q: What viruses use the lytic cycle?

A: The lytic cycle of the virus includes replication of the viral particles followed by heath of host…

Q: How does the influenza virus spread from animals to humans? How might we reduce the risk?

A: Introduction Influenza is commonly called the flu, It is a viral infection that attacks your…

Q: What type of viral RNAs from herpes viruses confound the immune system?

A: Herpes virus are the viruses that cause the infection called herpes which cause sores or blisters in…

Q: What is resistance to viral infection

A: Virus resistance is the factor that can disturb the life cycle of viruses. It is decrease in…

Q: Are viruses extremophiles?

A: The extremophiles maintain as hosts for viral replication.

Q: Why is it essential that negative-strand viruses carry an enzymein their virions?

A: Negative-strand viruses are RNA viruses that have a negative sense genome that is single stranded…

Q: Do viruses have flagella?

A: Virus is an ultramicroscopic nucleoprotein entity which becomes active only inside living cell using…

Q: What are living characteristics of viruses?

A: Micro-organisms are such small living organisms that are less than 0.1 mm, and can be seen only…

Q: How is foreign DNA inserted into host cells?

A: Several techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the insertion of a foreign DNA into a host…

Q: How is viruses and protozoans cause pathogenesis and how is it different from bacteria

A: Pathogenesis is the course of an infection or disease. Pathogenesis of the virus involves the…

Q: What is a reassortant influenza virus and why can such virusesbe so dangerous?

A: The influenza is commonly known as the flu and it is an infectious disease caused by an influenza…

Q: what is Host DNA?

A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…

Q: What is transformation of host cells?

A: Bacterial gene transfer can be achieved by various means such as transformation, conjugation and…

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: What is an enveloped virus, and how does the envelope arise?What are spikes, how are they formed,…

A: The virus is obligate intracellular parasites that are unable to survive without a host. The virus…

Q: What is the effect of oncogenic viruses on the organisms?

A: A gene that encodes a protein that is capable of transforming cells in culture or inducing cancer in…

Q: What is a temperate virus?

A: A virus is a protein coat with a genome inside it. Viruses are obligate parasites. This means that…

Q: How does the M2 protein of influenza viruses promote the uncoating of virus particles during the…

A: At the time of the entry of the influenza virus, uncoating of its ribonucleoprotein core is promoted…

Q: What is unusual about genome replication in adenoviruses?

A: Adenoviruses are the double stranded DNA which is non-segmented and has the terminal inverted…

Q: What type of genome is seen in most archaeal viruses?

A: Virus is a microbe that consists of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) as their genetic material. Most of the…

Q: What is a viral envelope? Describe how it is made.

A: The virus is the subatomic particle that does not replicates independently and depends on host…

Q: What types of cells does the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infect and does that help our immune…

A: Introduction:- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that affects the body's natural…

Q: How do retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase?

A: Retroviruses are the virus that contain RNA as its genetic material. Examples are HIV, HTV, Murine…

Q: What are the different steps in the viral replication cycle?

A: Virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of nucleic acid molecule…