Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
how to measure the total activity of acid phosphatase
enzyme ?
Acid phosphatases are enzymes present in the lysosomes. They carry out the hydrolysis of the ester bond that joins a phosphate group with organic phosphate compounds. These enzymes function efficiently at acidic pH (potential of hydrogen). They are synthesized by different types of tissues and cells like erythrocytes, kidney, liver, prostate gland, and spleen among others.
- The compound para-nitrophenyl phosphate is utilized as a substrate to measure the activity of acid phosphatase. The substrate is incubated with the enzyme at an optimum temperature of 370 C and a pH of 4.6. The mixture is incubated for 30 minutes to allow the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl phosphate into para-nitrophenol and phosphate. This hydrolysis is carried out by the acid phosphatase enzyme. The reaction is then stopped by the addition of sodium hydroxide that will increase the pH. At higher pH, the product para-nitrophenol is ionized to form para-nitrophenolate. This ionized compound is yellow-colored, therefore, the color the reaction mixture changes from colorless to yellow upon addition of the alkali. The absorbance of the yellow product formed is measured at 405 nm (nanometer). The concentration of the product is determined by using the Beer-Lambert law given below.
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