Human Adipose (Fat) cells: a. store glycogen as a long-term energy reserve b. store triglycerides as a long-term energy reserve c. release triglycerides when the human body is in prolonged “energy deficit” (more calories used than calories eaten) d. increase or decrease the size of their lipid droplet depending on how many calories you eat, but never go away e. store large amounts of NADH to support metabolism during periods when our muscles cannot get enough oxygen to carry out oxidative phosphorylation

Human Adipose (Fat) cells: a. store glycogen as a long-term energy reserve b. store triglycerides as a long-term energy reserve c. release triglycerides when the human body is in prolonged “energy deficit” (more calories used than calories eaten) d. increase or decrease the size of their lipid droplet depending on how many calories you eat, but never go away e. store large amounts of NADH to support metabolism during periods when our muscles cannot get enough oxygen to carry out oxidative phosphorylation

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter11: Digestion And Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9SQ: Basal metabolic rate is a measure of ______. a. the total amount of calories you burn in 24 hours b....

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Which of the following is true?a. Triglycerides have the least energy content per gram of the three majorenergy sources in the body.b. Fat catabolism generates new triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue.c. By mass, the total-body content of carbohydrates exceeds that of total triglycerides.d. Catabolism of fatty acids occurs in two-carbon steps.e. Triglycerides are the major lipids found in plasma membranes
After strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn and feel sore the next day. Which statement best explains this phenomenon? (a) Proteins in muscle cells are being digested to provide energy. (b) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle cells and changing their pH. (c) Spontaneous combustion occurs during strenuous exercise, so avoid it at all costs! (d) ATP is accumulating in muscle cells, causing a burning sensation. (e) Without adequate oxygen, muscle cells are fermenting pyruvate into lactic acid.
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Discuss the relative effectiveness of dieting and exercise in losing weight noting that most athletic activities consume food energy at a rate of 400 to 500W while a single cup of yogurt can contain 1360KJ (325 kcal) specifically is it likely that exercise alone will be sufficient to lose weight? You may wish to consider that regular exercise may increase the metabolic rate, whereas protracted dieting may reduce it
Muscle glycogen stores would be broken down during an exercise bout lasting several hours because ________. A. exercising muscle can only utilize glucose for energy for long-term exercise B. glycogen can enter the mitochondria and produce more ATP than glucose C.exercising muscle utilizes both glucose and free fatty acids for energy during long-term exercise D. exercising muscle needs the fatty acids released from glycogen for energy
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?A. Cells in a resting metabolic state have low ATP and NADH.B. Cells in a highly active metabolic state have high ATP but low NADH.C. Cells in a highly active metabolic state has high NADH but low ATP.In the stomach, the dietary fats are emulsified by?A.peristalsisB.pancreatic lipaseC. bile saltsD. lingual lipase
The Liver makes “Ketone Bodies” (acetoacetic acid and -hydroxybutryic acid): a. as a long-term energy storage reserve b. to provide an alternative energy source to muscle, the kidney and other organs when on a prolonged low carbohydrate diet c. from fatty acids oxidized to acetyl CoA d. to detoxify lactose absorbed from the large intestine e. when our muscles cannot get enough oxygen to carry out oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following statements about glucose metabolism is correct? A. Glucagon increases the rate of glycolysis B. Glycolysis requires NADP+ C. In glycolysis, glucose is cleaved into two three-carbon product D. The end-product of glycolysis in red blood cells is pyruvate E. Glycogen is synthesized in the liver in response to insulin and exported to other tissues for use as a metabolic fuel
Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle? A. Fatty acids B. All of the choices are correct. C. Protein D. Glucose
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Consider a 96 kg adult, who is overweight. Weight loss would improve their general health and wellbeing. If 35 % of the body mass of this 96 kg adult consists of TGs (in adipose tissue), what is the total available fuel reserve, in kJ and kcal, in the form of TGs? 2. This 96 kg adult decides to begin a starvation diet to lose weight. They aim to reduce their weight to 75 kg, which will be a weight loss of 21 kg. If the only source of nutrient energy for this 96 kg adult is the oxidation of fatty acids stored at TGs, how long (in days plus hours) will it take for this person to lose 21 kg of their body weight under starvation conditions? The daily energy expenditure for this 96 kg adult is 8700 kJ. This is equivalent to the recommended Australian average daily energy intake of 8700 kJ. 3. Calculate the weight loss in kg/day under such starvation conditions if the oxidation of fatty acids stored as TGs were the…
After a meal that contains carbohydrates, blood glucose levels usually rise gradually as carbohydrates are digested and the resulting monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream. Suppose you run a test on a human with no lactase production. You would provide a dose (e.g., 25 grams) of lactose and measure changes in blood glucose levels over the next three hours. Predict how blood glucose levels would change from fasting to three hours. Justify your response using the results from the above simulation.