Linux Command Functionifconfig also: ifcfg, ifup, ifdown, ethtool, nm-tool/etc/init.d/networking restart ip link set down ip link set upThe ifconfig command is a tool used to display and configure network interfaces. This command will display information about the network card, IP address, broadcast address, and network mask. It also shows how many packets were received and transmitted. There is also information about the loopback device (lo).pingThe ping command allows the user to test whether or not a network connection is active, the speed of that connection, and how a network behaves given specific data loads.arpalso: arpingThe arp command by itself is used to view the information currently in the ARP table (Address Resolution Protocol). This table maps the IP address of machines on your network segment with their MAC address.hostnamealso: domainname, dnsdomainnameThe hostname command tells you what the hostname of your machine is set to. The hostname is determined from a number of sources, such as the /etc/hosts file. On Ubuntu, the /etc/hostname file is used to set your machine's hostnamenslookupalso: host, digThese commands query the DNS database to determine information about network hosts. If you supply the IP address, the command gives the hostname. If you supply the hostname, the command gives you the IP address. All three commands use the /etc/resolv.conf file to determine the DNS server(s)traceroute also: tracepathThis program prints the route along which an IP packet travels from the local host to reach the destination host. It also shows each hop along the connection route from a local to remote host and gives all the intermediate routers.Other Linux networking commands: route, ip, ipcalc, nmap, lokkit, iptables, ... Use the information in the table above to answer the following questions. For each question, write down the Linux command/file name which provided you with the answer.1. What does Linux call the NIC connected to the Ethernet cable? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. How many hops are there to the Google web server?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What is the IP address of the NUST web server?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Determine your hostname.__________________________________________________________________________________5. Determine your IP and MAC addresses.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Determine your neighbour’s MAC address.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Write down the number of hops that it took to reach the www.coursera.orgCompare the results to those in no.2 and explain why the results are different.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Determine your DNS server IP addresses.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.a) Open the following file: /etc/network/interfaces. Explain the information displayed.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b) In the same file, disable the use of DHCP and use static addresses. What is the information in your new file?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________c) Verify that the DHCP has been disabled. ________________________________________________________________________________ d) Create a second loopback interface lo:0. Give it an IP address of 172.21.21.21. The subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. Activate the loopback interface.

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Linux Command                 Functionifconfig also: ifcfg, ifup, ifdown, ethtool, nm-tool/etc/init.d/networking restart ip link set down ip link set upThe ifconfig command is a tool used to display and configure network interfaces. This command will display information about the network card, IP address, broadcast address, and network mask. It also shows how many packets were received and transmitted. There is also information about the loopback device (lo).pingThe ping command allows the user to test whether or not a network connection is active, the speed of that connection, and how a network behaves given specific data loads.arpalso: arpingThe arp command by itself is used to view the information currently in the ARP table (Address Resolution Protocol). This table maps the IP address of machines on your network segment with their MAC address.hostnamealso: domainname, dnsdomainnameThe hostname command tells you what the hostname of your machine is set to. The hostname is determined from a number of sources, such as the /etc/hosts file. On Ubuntu, the /etc/hostname file is used to set your machine's hostnamenslookupalso: host, digThese commands query the DNS database to determine information about network hosts. If you supply the IP address, the command gives the hostname. If you supply the hostname, the command gives you the IP address. All three commands use the /etc/resolv.conf file to determine the DNS server(s)traceroute also: tracepathThis program prints the route along which an IP packet travels from the local host to reach the destination host. It also shows each hop along the connection route from a local to remote host and gives all the intermediate routers.Other Linux networking commands: route, ip, ipcalc, nmap, lokkit, iptables, ... Use the information in the table above to answer the following questions. For each question, write down the Linux command/file name which provided you with the answer.1. What does Linux call the NIC connected to the Ethernet cable? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. How many hops are there to the Google web server?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What is the IP address of the NUST web server?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Determine your hostname.__________________________________________________________________________________5. Determine your IP and MAC addresses.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Determine your neighbour’s MAC address.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Write down the number of hops that it took to reach the www.coursera.orgCompare the results to those in no.2 and explain why the results are different.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Determine your DNS server IP addresses.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.a) Open the following file: /etc/network/interfaces. Explain the information displayed.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b) In the same file, disable the use of DHCP and use static addresses. What is the information in your new file?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________c) Verify that the DHCP has been disabled. ________________________________________________________________________________ d) Create a second loopback interface lo:0. Give it an IP address of 172.21.21.21. The subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. Activate the loopback interface.

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Linux Command	Function
ifconfig also: ifcfg, ifup, ifdown, ethtool, nm-tool /etc/init.d/networking restart ip link set down ip link set up	The ifconfig command is a tool used to display and configure network interfaces. This command will display information about the network card, IP address, broadcast address, and network mask. It also shows how many packets were received and transmitted. There is also information about the loopback device (lo).
ping	The ping command allows the user to test whether or not a network connection is active, the speed of that connection, and how a network behaves given specific data loads.
arp also: arping	The arp command by itself is used to view the information currently in the ARP table (Address Resolution Protocol). This table maps the IP address of machines on your network segment with their MAC address.
hostname also: domainname, dnsdomainname	The hostname command tells you what the hostname of your machine is set to. The hostname is determined from a number of sources, such as the /etc/hosts file. On Ubuntu, the /etc/hostname file is used to set your machine's hostname
nslookup also: host, dig	These commands query the DNS database to determine information about network hosts. If you supply the IP address, the command gives the hostname. If you supply the hostname, the command gives you the IP address. All three commands use the /etc/resolv.conf file to determine the DNS server(s)
traceroute also: tracepath	This program prints the route along which an IP packet travels from the local host to reach the destination host. It also shows each hop along the connection route from a local to remote host and gives all the intermediate routers.
Other Linux networking commands: route, ip, ipcalc, nmap, lokkit, iptables, ...