In 1928 Walter Garstang hypothesized that tunicates resemble the ancestral stock of the vertebrates. Explain this hypothesis and evaluate its validity with recent phylogenetic, fossil, and developmental data.

Q: Explain the significance of the discovery of Archaeopteryx. Why did this fossil demonstrate beyond…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Describe four shared derived characters of vertebrates.

A: Vertebrates are members from the subphylum Vertebrata, under the phylum Chordata and under the realm…

Q: Describe the major evolutionary innovations that distinguish the fishes from the amphibians.

A: Amphibians are a group of animals that can live on land or in water. They are said to be developed…

Q: Give certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempels and…

A: Kingdom Animalia is a taxonomic kingdom that contains all animals. Animals are eukaryotic,…

Q: What is the select advantage of the evolution of the jaw in dogfish shark?

A: The dogfish shark or spiny dogfish is the species of the Squalidae family of sharks, which is a part…

Q: Identify the four derived characters that all chordates have at some point in their lifespan.…

A: A chordate is a phylum which contains vertebrates like mammals, birds and some fishes and also…

Q: Compare and contrast the views of animal evolution based on body plan characteristics to those based…

A: When the anatomical or physical traits are considered for the determination of evolution then the…

Q: Based on the anatomical evidence from the photos below, create a claim about which modern organism…

A: The change in the heritable characteristics of the species across many generations is called…

Q: Explain why remipedians were once thought to resemble ancestral crustaceans.

A: Remipedia is a class of small, marine, cave-dwelling crustaceans characterized by a short head and a…

Q: Summarize the two hypotheses that explain the evolutionof amphibians from lobe-finned fishes.

A: Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms based on their morphology, biochemical…

Q: During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the…

A: Answer. Deuterostomic: The anus of the digestive tract develops first in the embryo and the mouth is…

Q: Fossil foraminiferans are relevant sources of data in the study of biodiversity and of the past…

A: As it is given that fossils foraminiferans are the relevant sources of data on studying the…

Q: From which diapsid subgroup have crocodilians descended? What other major fossil and living…

A: An organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. Organisms are classified…

Q: Describe three innovations that distinguish mammals from cartilaginous fishes (see Fig. 32.2).

A: Mammals and cartilaginous fishes belong to the subphylum vertebrata of phylum chordata.

Q: Discuss the adaptations of lower chordates to survival in terms of Nutrition and Respiration

A: Lower chordates belong to the Phylum Chordata , where the first 3 sub-phyla are usually called the…

Q: Explain the Evolutionary Trends Among the Chordates ?

A: Chordates are the organism that belongs to the phylum Chordata. These possess notochord during some…

Q: Describe any four lines of evidence for evolution of early tetropods from fish.

A: The beginning of tetrapods is largely connected with the rise of earthly vertebrate life. The…

Q: Identify the geologic era and periods in which chordatesand the first vertebrates appear.

A: The chordates are first found in cambrian period which is 530 million years ago

Q: Discuss how humans, as chordates, possess all fourcharacteristics either as embryos or adults.

A: All the chordates posses the following diagnostic characters either in the embryonic or adult…

Q: Describe the major vertebrate adaptations that arose in fishes. Which of these features are also…

A: Fishes are the aquatic chordate animals which belong to Pisces family. Fishes are used as delicacy…

Q: Evolutionarily protochordates may be intermediate animals between invertebrates and vertebrates.…

A: The Echinoderms belong to the phylum Echinodermata. They possess radial symmetry and inhabit the…

Q: Find the hash mark indicating the origin of jaws. Which group or groups of vertebrates possess jaws?…

A: Vertebrates are the chordates that have a vertebral column.

Q: Please place the following Chordate adaptations in order of most ancient (1) to most recent (4). 1…

A: Evolutionary developmental biology, is considered a new norm in evolutionary biology. It arose from…

Q: by comparing and contrasting the physical features of a shark, guitar fish and the sting ray, what…

A: We all know that the largest shark is the whale shark (Rhiniodon typus) with length of 13-39 ft and…

Q: Threespine sticklebacks that invaded freshwater lakes have lost their pelvic spines. What other…

A: Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are commonly found in the ocean. They are…

Q: Pharyngeal slits are which of the following?   Question 24 options:   a)  Openings in the…

A: Pharyngeal slit are opening in the pharynx that extend to the outside environment. In organisms that…

Q: CHARACTER/ANIMAL PHARYNGEAL VERTEBRAE PAIRED SLITS AND SWIM APPENDAGES MUSCULAR SUCKER- FINS WITH…

A: Cladogram is a diagrammatic illustration which represents how the taxons are closely related to each…

Q: Discuss the features of the agnathans, vestiges of the first vertebrates, the jawless fishes.

A: Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of…

Q: Please choose all the correct statements regarding early chordates. Amphioxus has all four defining…

A: Amphioxus has all four defining chordate characteristics as an adult- This statement is Correct…

Q: In the lineage leåding to tetrapods, the fins of aquatic wertebrates evolved into the limbs of…

A: “Tetrapod” means four feet and all the species that have four feet are tetrapods. This group also…

Q: Describe the two groups of invertebrate chordates, and draw atree showing how they relate to one…

A: Chordates contains two classes of invertebrates and one class of vertebrate. Invertebrates include…

Q: There are two types of chordates the invertebrates and the vertebrates. How do invertebrate…

A:

Q: Given that modern echinoderms and chordates look nothing alike, what factors have led zoologists to…

A: Echinoderms are animals that belong to the phylum Echinodermata. They are recognized by radial…

Q: Sharks are chordates that possess which of the following Group of answer choices jaws an air sac…

A: Chordata has a place in the Kingdom Animalia and incorporates every one of the vertebrates, i.e.,…

Q: Define “diphyodont” and “heterodont” and explain why both terms apply to mammalian dentition.

A: The teeth development and their arrangement in the mouth is called dentition. It involves number and…

Q: What is the currently favored explanation for the evolution of vertebrate jaws?

A: The jawless vertebrates belong to the subphylum Vertebrata under the section Agnatha. The…

Q: List three groups of adaptations that guided vertebrate evolution, and explain how each has…

A: Introduction  Adaptation are the changes in the physical and behavioural characteristics which helps…

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics of amniotes, mammals, primates, early human ancestors and…

A: Introduction Taxonomy is the branch of science which deals with the classification of organisms in…

Q: Amphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why…

A: Amphioxus, also called lancelets, are the marine invertebrate chordates.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding dipnoi (lungfish) is true?     amniotes share a more…

A: Lungfish are freshwater  rhipidistian vertebrates belonging to the order Dipnoi. Lungfish are best…

Q: Describe how metamorphosis changes the structures involved in gas exchange over the life cycle of…

A: Amphibians are defined as the animals that belong to the class of cold-blooded vertebrates. These…

Q: Identify four derived characters that all chordates haveat some point during their life

A: A  chordate is an animal of the phylum Chordata. Chordates are divided into three subphyla:…

Q: Mammals belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had…

A: Mammals These organisms belong to the amniotes in which the embryo grow within protective…

Q: Temnospondyl fossils show evidence of a lateral line system in the juveniles, but not in the adults.…

A: The correct option is shown below.

Q: In the lineage leąding to tetrapods, the fins of aquatic vertebrates evolved into the limbs of…

A: Tetrapods evolved from a finned organism that lived in the water. Their evolution happened 400…

Q: What are some of the functional and evolutionary advantages of gnathostomes?

A: Gnathostomes are vertebrates that have jaws. Having jaws has an evolutionary advantage for this…

Q: Hypothetically, if large/medium sized whales had not evolved, how may this have impacted the…

A: * Megalodon is an extinct species of mackerel shark . *It was thought to be member of family…

Q: All of the following are derived characters of chordates at least some time in their life EXCEPT…

A: Chordates are the class of organisms that belongs to the phylum chordata. It is a type of phylum…

Q: Describe the aboreal adaptation of nonhuman primates and include specific anatomical characteristics…

A: Primate is a mammal which belong to the taxonomic order primates.Primates arose around 85-55…

Human Evolution

Human evolution is the process of evolution of humans from early man to anatomically modern humans. The process of evolution in humans leads to the gradual development of traits like bipedalism. Humans are the highly social animals that make them the most advanced animal on Earth.  Human evolution is an outcome of interaction among the following processes: