Since 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp -> urchins -> sea otters, and thenin the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters. The data collected by Dr. Estes are shown.Panel A shows sea otter abundance around four different islands from 1972 to 1997.Panel B shows the amount of sea urchins (sea urchin biomass) in 1987 and 1997.Panel C shows the amount of kelp that sea urchins ate over a 24- hour period (grazing intensity) in1991 and 1997.Panel D shows the number of kelp plants within a specific area (density of kelp) in 1987 and 1997.The thickness of the arrows illustrates the strength of the effect one species has on the speciesbelow it in the food web.Sea otter abundance-Amchitka LN. Adak I.Kagalaska i.L Riskal.Sea urchin biomassGrazing intensityTotal kelp density19721985198919931997YearIn 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?No. per 0.25 m% loss 24hrgms 0.25mOtter No. (% max. count) In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?kelpsea urchinskiller whalessea ottersO O

Food chain is a pathway which depicts the flow of energy between different organisms. It depicts the…

Answered: In 1997, which species is the apex…

Science

Biology

In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain? kelp sea urchins killer whales sea otters

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter54: Ecosystems And Global Change

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Which of the following represents a grazing food chain?a. leaves → detritus feeders → deer → owlsb.…

A: Grazing food chain is a type of food chain where energy at the lowermost trophic level has been…

Q: Invasive species are exotic to new areas and growth rapidly. Give two reasons why an invasive…

A: Invasive species are rare in new habitats and grow swiftly for the following motives :- The primary…

Q: sun grass → grasshopper → frog → snake hawk 15. What food relationship is illustrated by this…

A: The given questions are related to food chain and energy flow through it. Food chain is a linear…

Q: Based on the figure, Identify the following: 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3.…

A: Food chain is a diagrammatic representation that show how animals are dependent on plants for their…

Q: What is the main reason for continous decrease of wildlife?

A: Wildlife refers to all the populations of animals that are not domesticated. It includes all…

Q: 1. Group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place is called 2. is the major cause…

A: Living organisms make the biotic component of the ecosystem.

Q: From the statistics you’ve seen, do you think marine food sources will keep up with human population…

A: Marine food sources form an important part of the human food supply chain. They are an excellent…

Q: Which one of the following is not a consumer? omnivore carnivore decomposer herbivore

Q: Which of the following would be considered a human activity with a positive impact on the…

A: Human activity will be considered positive when the activity does not harm the environment directly…

Q: Community 1 Community 2 In the above figure each shape represents a different species. Which…

A: The species diversity of an ecosystem refers to the presence of a number of different species and…

Q: Predator-prey Dynamics Hare (red) Lynx (blue) 100 50 1845 1865 1885 1905 1925 Time (years) Thousands…

A: Step 1 Populations do not reside in segregation from other species, the population that interacts in…

Q: The partial food web shown below is found in an aquatic environment. This type of environment has…

A: For life, all living organisms (plants and animals) must consume some kind of food. Photosynthesis…

Q: A black bear normally eats many different types of food. When the black bear eats berries, what…

A: The trophic level in a food chain is the level at which an organism may be found. As each level is…

Q: Community 1 Community 2 In the above figure each shape represents a different species. Which…

A: Species richness can be defined as the number of species present in a particular area of the…

Q: another term used to describe: The second trophic level A herbivore A primary consumer A plant and…

A: 1. Primary consumers or herbivore 2. Plant eaters 3. Herbivore or plant eaters 4. Omnivorous 5. The…

Q: The number of species on earth is ________. changed only by a major ecological event…

A: Earth is a planet in the milky way galaxy and by-far is the only astronomical object supports life.…

Q: Below is an incomplete food chain. grass seed mouse →hawk Which of the following would best complete…

A: Food chain is a sequential events which determines how the organism are linked with each other for…

Q: Which of the following best describes bottom up control of an ecosystem? toxic compounds in mature…

A: Ecosystem: It is a collaboration of living organisms such as plants and animals with non-living…

Q: Using the diagram of a food pyramid for reference, estimate the following: a. How many kilograms of…

A: Biomass is the amount of living organic matter. A pyramid of biomass is a graphical representation…

Q: If the predator population decreases in a top-down trophic cascade, what happens to the other…

A: A trophic cascade in which the top consumer/predator dominates the primary consumer population is…

Q: Grizzly bears are predators of salmon. If the population of grizzlies in an area decreases, the…

A: Ecosystem balance, often known as "ecosystem homeostasis," is influenced by both factors that tend…

Q: Sometimes the species of a community are described as forming a food chain. Why is it usually more…

A: Food chains and food webs are methodologies by which ecologists determine the direction of the flow…

Q: The diagram below shows a typical NSW coastal food web. Sea Starfish urchins Algae on госks Sea…

A: Selection pressures especially human-induced are those man-made activities or Anthropogenic…

Q: Predation and parasitism can keep a population

A: Several limits possess different populations for themselves due to multiple variables. As soon as…

Q: Invasive species have the greatest impact on (small or large?) ecosystems. Why?

A: Answer: INVASIVE SPECIES = These are the species are also called harmful species which are not…

Q: Which of the following can be a secondary consumer? squid other seals krill herbivorous zooplankton…

A: Secondary consumers may be omnivores and carnivores.

Q: Caribou in the arctic tundra search for food by digging in the snow. Once the caribou is done…

A: Lets define all the terms given in options first: Competition : here the organisms compete for…

Q: Interconnected food chains are known as producers populations food webs habitats

A: An ecosystem is a community or group of living organisms that live in and interacts with each other…

Q: The greatest SINGLE threat to most species of plants and animals is: Question 17 options: -…

A: Day by day, environmental pollution and anthropogenic activities degrade the natural resources that…

Q: How will the walleye pollock population be affected

A: Several kinds of organisms are present in the ecosystem. These organisms are dependent on each other…

Q: Which one of the following is not a food chain? Squirrel ➞ nuts ➞ hawk Leaves ➞ caterpillar ➞ bird…

A: A food chain represents the flow of energy in a given set of organisms. The study of food chains in…

Q: What could cause a decrease in the carrying capacity of a population? Increase in Increase in…

A: Carrying capacity of a population is defines as average population size in a particular habitat. It…

Q: A species that feeds on herbivorous species is called a tertiary consumer. keystone species.…

A: Herbivorous animals are also known herbivores. They are called herbivores because they feed on…

Q: Which of the following is not a sustainable fishing solution? Limit the number of fish that can be…

A: Fishing is a technique which is used to capture the fish found in a particular area.

Q: Which is a true statement that can be made about the food web? F Ants are both consumers and…

A: A food web shows the transfer of energy within an ecosystem. It represents feeding relationships…

Q: basis of open ocean food webs and provides the majority of the worlds oxygen supply

A: Phytoplankton form the base of all aquatic food web . Phytoplankton are the tiny plant like…

Q: Keystone predators increase the intensity of competition prey on species at random always prey on…

A: Correct Option is 4 i.e. prevent competitive exclusion by preying on competitors.

Q: the arctic fox will sometimes follow a polar bear as it hunts. After the polar bear has finished…

A: In an ecosystem, the species are dependent on each other and several relations exist between the…

Q: The mackerel, a marine fish, produces many eggs at a time. Out of 1 million eggs produced, only 10…

A: Survivorship pattern are of three types, Type I - these are typically shown by the mammals which…

Q: List two ways exotic species are introduced to a new habitat and list two consequences of it…

A: Exotic species are defined as those species that are intentionally or accidentally forced to migrate…

Q: How would removing a species from a food web affect the remaining organisms in the food web

A: A food web is represented by inter connected food chains, showing which organism is the predator and…

Q: Which of the following is not a sustainable fishing solution? Monitor fishing activities to in…

A: Sustainability is defined as meeting our own needs in such a way that the future generation can also…

Q: Which one of the following organisms is missing from the food chain? Leaves → caterpillar → X → Hawk…

A: The food chain describes "what eats what" in the ecosystem to maintain equilibrium in the ecosystem…

Q: Based on the food web below, which of the organisms in this food web gets energy from both producers…

A: Food chain is the process of eating of one organism by the other which is then eaten by some other…

Q: Refer to the food web at the top of the page. Which organism occupies trophic level 2? Food Web Wolf…

A: Please follow step 2 for a detailed explanation

Q: Which living thing will ultimately get the least amount of energy in a food chain? deer…

A: Food chain is a series Or linear sequence of organism on which order the nutrients and energy flows.…

Q: What do you think would happen next if larger predators were introduced into this low-predation…

A: Predator are animal that eats other animals. there are different types of predators larger predators…

Concept explainers

Communities and Ecosystems

Ecology contains two words: Eikos means dwelling, and logy means to study, so the combined meaning is studying habitat or living.

Question

Since 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp -> urchins -> sea otters, and then
in the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters. The data collected by Dr. Estes are shown.
Panel A shows sea otter abundance around four different islands from 1972 to 1997.
Panel B shows the amount of sea urchins (sea urchin biomass) in 1987 and 1997.
Panel C shows the amount of kelp that sea urchins ate over a 24- hour period (grazing intensity) in
1991 and 1997.
Panel D shows the number of kelp plants within a specific area (density of kelp) in 1987 and 1997.
The thickness of the arrows illustrates the strength of the effect one species has on the species
below it in the food web.
Sea otter abundance
-Amchitka L
N. Adak I.
Kagalaska i.
L Riskal.
Sea urchin biomass
Grazing intensity
Total kelp density
1972
1985
1989
1993
1997
Year
In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?
No. per 0.25 m
% loss 24hr
gms 0.25m
Otter No. (% max. count)

In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?
kelp
sea urchins
killer whales
sea otters
O O

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Oaks in California are suffering from a phenomenon called sudden oak death (SOD). This has the potential to convert oak-dominated communities to communities made up of mostly grasses and smaller plants. How would this change the abundances of the tick species described in the article? Make a prediction for each of the three most abundant species, and describe the specific results in this article that justify your prediction. Article Reference: Abiotic and habitat drivers of tick vector abundance, diversity, phenology and human encounter risk in southern California By: Andrew J MacDonald
A, B, C, and D are all species that live in arctic climates. Note that species B's temperature ranges in the winter, while species C's temperature ranges in the winter and summer.Given the above information on the species' metabolism and body temperatures, please answer the following questions. Which species is least likely to rely on brown adipose tissue? Question options: Species A Species B Species C Species D between Species A and Species D-- Which species likely has a higher basal metabolic rate adjusted for its size (mass-specific basal metabolic rate). Question options: Species A Species D Between Species A and Species D-- Which species likely has the greater surface area to volume ratio? Question options: Species A Species D
Based on the food chain shown below, how can unregulated collection of shark fins used in shark fin soup cause the collapse of a coral reef ecosystem? To answer this question, continue the trend in abundance of each species indicated in the graph provided and explain your predicted trends. (PLS ANNOTATE THE GRAPH AS WELL)
DRAW IT In the Chesapeake Bay estuary, the blue crab is anomnivore that eats eelgrass and other primary producers as wellas clams. It is also a cannibal. In turn, the crabs are eaten byhumans and by the endangered Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle. Basedon this information, draw a food web that includes the bluecrab. Assuming that the top-down model holds for this system,describe what would happen to the abundance of eelgrass ifhumans stopped eating blue crabs.
A small lake is capable of supporting both bluegill and smallmouth bass. These two bony fish species compete for similar food resources. The carrying capacity of this lake for bluegill (K,) is 1,500 and for bass (Kz) is 500. After some careful measurement, we find that a is 0.5 and that ß is 0.25. We stock the lake with 250 bluegill and 750 bass. Over time, will both species be able to co-exist? If not, which one will be driven to extinction in this lake? If so, approximately how many of each species will be present? Please show math on paper and Draw Graph on paper! Please
In this question, why B is correct and C is wrong? Bighorn sheep are an iconic species in the western United States, however, their population size is drastically lower than it once was historically. These sheep inhabit montane patches surrounded by urban and agricultural landscapes. Accordingly, bighorn sheep can be considered a metapopulation. Wildlife managers would like to increase the patch occupancy of bighorn sheep. Which of the following would be the most effective conservation/restoration strategy? None of these statements is an effective conservation strategy. Increase patch size and quality, and decrease the distance between patches. Increase patch size and the distance between patches, and decrease patch quality. Increase the distance between patches and patchy quality, and decrease patch size. Decrease patch size, distance between patches, and patch quality.
Which of the following is a conclusion drawn by the authors from the results of this study? Temperate marine invertebrate species are outcompeting endemic species which will soon become extinct in the surveyed areas. Tropical marine invertebrate species did replace temperate species from 1982 to 2021 in the surveyed areas. Tropical marine invertebrate species did not replace temperate species from 1982 to 2021 in the surveyed areas. The temperate marine invertebrate species density and richness will recover with sufficient monitoring and resources. Article Reference: Responses of intertidal invertebrates to rising sea surface temperatures in the southeastern Indian Ocean By: Fred E. Wells
You're analyzing biodiversity on three islands: Island A, located near the equator with varied elevations; Island B, situated in temperate latitudes and relatively flat; Island C, another equatorial island but with a wide variety of habitats. To test your answers to the first question, you decide to survey the lizard species on the islands. Below is a graphical representation of a survey plot from each island, where icons represents different species and the abundance of each species is tallied in the table below. (note: these surveys may not represent the entire island patterns, so don’t use these to try to answer the first question!) A. What is the alpha diversity on each island? Island A Island B Island C B. What is the beta diversity between each island pair (A-B, A-C, B-C)? Beta diversity A-B Beta diversity A-C Beta diversity B-C C. Calculate the Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson’s index of diversity for each island. Island A Island B Island C D. What do these diversity…
You are part of a group of researchers examining the survivorship and fecundity of Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Parts of the reserve are well-protected from poaching, and other parts are largely unprotected. Over a period of several years, you’ve gathered demographic data (summarized below) on tigers in both poached and unpoached locations; assume that mx numbers represent female offspring born per female. Note that your demographic data begins at age 1, and does not include survivorship of cubs from birth to age 1. Also, note that Sx is listed here -- this is related to, but is NOT the same as lx… To calculate r, use the formula r = ln(Ro)/T. Including unpoached poaching Tiger age (x) Sx Sx Mx 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0.83 0.69 0.04 3 0.91 0.65 0.64 4 0.9 0.62 0.78 5 0.85 0.6 0.71 6…
If 1,000 Joules of energy are present in the primary consumer trophic level of a community, approximately how many Joules might be expected to be present in the primary producer trophic level? Group of answer choices Which of these answers is most likely depends on the particular community 10,000 Joules 100 Joules 1000 Joules
Two populations of deer live in similar protected tracts of land. In tract A, the deer are left to forage on their own. In tract B, the villagers start providing supplemental food in the winter. What would you predict about the two populations after a few years and why? Draw a graph to show your predictions
To the Bartleby Expert: How would you describe the slope of a rank abundance curve that vary with increasing species evenness?