In a coevolutionary arms race, after a plant evolves a novel chemical defense against an herbivore, a the plant can be expected to outcompete all other plants in the same environment. b the herbivore can be expected to evolve resistance to the plant's defense. c the herbivore can be expected to disperse to new habitats. d the herbivore can be expected to go extinct. e the plant can be expected to colonize new habitats.

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