In Drosophila, which is true of zygotic gene expression? O a. the first zygotic genes expressed are an interpretation of positional information specified by morphogen gradients O b. the first zygotic genes expressed encode germ cell determinants O c. the first zygotic genes expressed specify segmental boundaries O d. the first zygotic genes are expressed at the cellular blastoderm stage O e. all of the above
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- In flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos−mother, development of the abdomen is inhibited.Flies developing from eggs that have no maternallysupplied hunchback mRNA are normal. Flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos− mother that alsohave no maternally supplied hunchback mRNA arenormal. If too much Hunchback protein accumulatesin the posterior of the egg, abdominal developmentis prevented.a. What do these findings say about the function ofthe Nanos protein and of the hunchback maternallysupplied mRNA?b. What do these findings say about the efficiency ofbiological processes that are subject to evolution?Describe key events in early Drosophila developmentthat occur before segmentation is first apparent.Explain why maternal effect genes exert their effects during theearly stages of development
- “In the early Drosophila embryo, the establishment of different body regionor tissues along, on the one hand, the anteroposterior axis and, on theother, the dorsoventral axis are initiated by clues provided by the egg’smother; however the nature of those signals and the way in which theyoperate is completely different”. Discuss whether this statement is correct.If gene transcription is inhibited after fertilization, development past the two-cell stagedoes not take place in the mouse. However, in frog embryos, this treatment does notdisrupt development until late cleavage. Explain this difference.DO all of them please Multiple chpoice 11. Threshold concentration, morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide ________ to a developing organism.A) positional informationB) maternal effect genesC) homeodomainsD) lineage tracingAnswer: 12) What is the first stage of embryonic pattern development in Drosophila?A) limb positionB) body axesC) segmentation patternsD) metamorphosisAnswer: 13) A Drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no bicoid mRNA will have what developmental defect?A) only ventral structuresB) no dorsal structuresC) only anterior structuresD) only posterior structuresAnswer: 14) The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?A) sex-linkedB) incomplete penetranceC) maternal inheritanceD) autosomalAnswer: 15) A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?A) Incorrect formation of the body axesB) Replacement of segments with parasegmentsC) Replacing of one body part with anotherD) ApotosisAnswer: 16) Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a…
- Name three possible factors contributing to early asymmetries in a developing embryo (i.e. what are the kinds of things early on that lead to the development of the body axes - dn, a/p, l/r, etc)? In the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the anterior-to-posterior body axis becomes segmented into distinct regions. explain the role of the genes bicoid and nanos in this process.The Drosophila gene Sex lethal (Sxl) is deserving of itsname. Certain alleles have no effect on XY animals butcause XX animals to die early in development. Other alleles have no effect on XX animals but cause XY animals to die early in development. Thus, some Sxl allelesare lethal to females, while others are lethal to males.a. Would you expect a null mutation in Sxl to causelethality in males or in females? b. Why do Sxl alleles of either type cause lethality ina specific sex?The gene transformer (tra) gets its name from sexualtransformation, as some tra alleles can change XXanimals into morphological males, while other traalleles can change XY animals into morphologicalfemales.c. Which of these sex transformations would becaused by null alleles of tra and which would becaused by constitutively active alleles of tra?d. In contrast with Sxl, null tra mutations do notcause lethality either in XX or in XY animals.However, the Sxl protein regulates the productionof the Tra protein. Why…In Drosophila, an X-linked recessive mutation, scalloped (sd),causes irregular wing margins. Diagram the F1 and F2 resultsif (a) a scalloped female is crossed with a normal male; (b) ascalloped male is crossed with a normal female. Compare theseresults to those that would be obtained if the scalloped gene wereautosomal.
- Referring to the diagram below explain how Drosophila segmentation is set up in the parasegments and how this is reflected in the mature segments. (a) Explain the signals (wingless, Hh, Serrate) how they are sent and received (b) what is the interaction between these signals and (c) how do these set up the final denticle pattern in the mature segment. asap pleaseThe anteriorposterior axis of a Drosophila embryo is first established by certain (a) homeotic genes (b) maternal effect genes (c) segmentation genes (d) proto-oncogenes (e) pairrule genesDescribe the expression pattern of the Drosophila geneeve in the early embryo.