is a computing technique in which multiple processors apply the same set nstructions to multiple data sets at the same time. The architecture is characterized by storing a program in the same place regular data. is the number of bits that are stored in each addressable A computer's mory location. is a small storage unit in the central processing unit used to store A(n) ermediate values or special data.
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- (Practice) a. Using Figure 2.14 and assuming the variable name rate is assigned to the byte at memory address 159, determine the addresses corresponding to each variable declared in the following statements. Also, fill in the correct number of bytes with the initialization data included in the declaration statements. (Use letters for the characters, not the computer codes that would actually be stored.) floatrate; charch1=M,ch2=E,ch3=L,ch4=T; doubletaxes; intnum,count=0; b. Repeat Exercise 9a, but substitute the actual byte patterns that a computer using the ASCII code would use to store characters in the variables ch1, ch2, ch3, and ch4. (Hint: Use Appendix B.)(Practice) Although the total number of bytes varies from computer to computer, memory sizes of millions and billions of bytes are common. In computer language, the letter M representsthe number 1,048,576, which is 2 raised to the 20th power, and G represents 1,073,741,824, which is 2 raised to the 30th power. Therefore, a memory size of 4 MB is really 4 times 1,048,576 (4,194,304 bytes), and a memory size of 2 GB is really 2 times 1,073,741,824 (2,147,483,648 bytes). Using this information, calculate the actual number of bytes in the following: a. A memory containing 512 MB b. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 2 bytes c. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 4 bytes d. A thumb drive that specifies 2 GB e. A disk that specifies 4 GB f. A disk that specifies 8 GBBy assuming that X is the last digit of your student number and 3X is a two digitnumber, consider memory storage of a 64-bit word stored at memory word 3X ina byte-addressable memory(a) What is the byte address of memory word 3X?(b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 3X spans?(c) Draw the number 0xF1234567890ABCDE stored at word 3X in both big-endianand little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to eachdata byte value.
- Consider memory storage of a 32-bit word stored at memory word 34 in a byte addressable memory. (a) What is the byte address of memory word 34? (b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 34 spans? (c) Draw the number 0x3F526372 stored at word 342 in both big-endian and little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to each data byte value.6. Assume a computer has 32-bit integers. Show how the value 0x0001122 would be stored sequentially in memory, starting at address 0x000, on both a big endian machine and a little endian machine, assuming that each address holds one byte. Address Big Endian Little Endian0x000 0x001 0x002 0x00301 : (a) Write an assembly language program for the Intel 8086 microprocessor that adds two 16-bit words in the memory locations called ADD1 and ADD2, respectively, and stores the result in a memory location SUM? In the assembly language program, make sure to properly define the different segments using the appropriate assembler directives. (b) Draw a diagram showing the data arrangement in memory for the multiply program you wrote in section (a)?
- 1. Draw a picture illustrating the contents of memory, given the following data declarations: You need to mark all the memory addresses. Assume that your data segment starts at 0x1000 in memory. Name: .asciiz "James Bond!"Age: .byte 24Numbers: .word 11, 22, 33Letter1: .asciiz "M"Discuss the concept of memory allocation and deallocation in programming. What are memory leaks, and how can they be avoided?The concept of dynamic memory allocation will now be broken down and explained in terminology that is simple enough for the ordinary person to comprehend.
- By assuming that X = 3, and 33 is a two digit number, consider memory storage of a 64-bit word stored at memory word 33 in a byte-addressable memory (a) What is the byte address of memory word 33? (b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 33 spans? (c) Draw the number 0xF1234567890ABCDE stored at word 33 in both big endian and little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to each data byte value.The notion of dynamic memory allocation will now be broken down and presented using language that the average person can understand.Assume that relocatable software code does not exist. How might memory paging be made more difficult?