J.W. McKay crossed a stock (true-breeding) melon plant that produced tan seeds with a plant that only produced red seeds and obtained the following results (J.W. McKay. 1936. Journal of Heredity 27:110-112). Cross F1 F2 Tan x red 13 tan 93 tan, 24 red a) Explain the inheritance of tan seeds and red seeds in this plant.
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- Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?Assuming complete dominance, crosses between two dihybrid F1 pea plant, which are offspring from a cross AABBaabb, result in F2 phenotype ratios of ________. a. 1:2:1 b. 3:1 c. 1:1:1:1 d. 9:3:3:1Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a sandy variation is alsoseen. When two different varieties of true-breeding sandy pigswere crossed to each other, they produced F1 offspring that werered. When these F1 offspring were crossed to each other, they produced red, sandy, and white pigs in a 9:6:1 ratio. Explain this pattern of inheritance.
- In a cross involving polygenic inheritance, three (3) gene pairs control plant height. The shortest andtallest plants are 12 cm and 24 cm, respectively. What height should all F1s display if the shortest andtallest plants were crossed, assuming environmental factors are the same?Two true-breeding white strains of the plantIllegitimati noncarborundum were mated, and theF1 progeny were all white. When the F1 plants wereallowed to self-fertilize, 126 white-flowered and33 purple-flowered F2 plants grew.a. How would you describe inheritance of flowercolor? Describe how specific alleles influence eachother and therefore affect phenotype.b. A white F2 plant is allowed to self-fertilize. Ofthe progeny, 3/4 are white-flowered, and 1/4 are purple-flowered. What is the genotype of the whiteF2 plant?c. A purple F2 plant is allowed to self-fertilize. Of theprogeny, 3/4 are purple-flowered, and 1/4 arewhite-flowered. What is the genotype of the purpleF2 plant?d. Two white F2 plants are crossed with each other.Of the progeny, 1/2 are purple-flowered, and 1/2are white-flowered. What are the genotypes of thetwo white F2 plants?When a white guinea pig is crossed to a yellow guinea pig, all the progeny are cream colored. From a cross of two such F1’s, the F2 showed 32 white, 66 cream, and 30 yellow guinea pigs. How is this trait inherited?
- What is a reciprocal cross? Suppose that a gene is found as a wildtype (functional) allele and a recessive mutant (nonfunctional)allele. What would be the expected outcomes of reciprocal crossesif a true-breeding normal individual was crossed to a true-breedingindividual carrying the mutant allele? What would be the results ifthe gene is maternally inherited?In Mendel's experiments, if the tall plant gene (T) were dominant over the short plant gene (t), what would be the result of crossing two Tt plants?E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Is there epistasis among the genes that determine color in the corn seedlings? If so, which gene is epistatic and which is hypostatic?
- A researcher crosses two white-flowered lines ofAntirrhinum plants as follows and obtains the followingresults:pure line 1 × pure line 2↓F1 all whiteF1 × F1↓F2 131 white29 reda. Deduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined gene symbols. Give the genotypes ofthe parents, F1, and F2.b. Predict the outcome of crosses of the F1 with eachparental line.In pea plants, tall(T) is dominant over short (t). What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross between a TT and a TT plant?In oats, the color of the chaff is determined by a two-gene interaction. When a true-breeding black chaff plant was crossed to a truebreeding white chaff plant, the F1 generation was composed of allblack chaff plants. When the F1 offspring were crossed to eachother, the ratio produced was 12 black to 3 gray to 1 white. First,construct a Punnett square that accounts for this pattern of inheritance. Which genotypes produce the gray chaff phenotype? Second,at the level of protein function, how would you explain this type ofinheritance?