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- Find the right regular representation of G as defined Exercise 11 for each of the following groups. a. G={ 1,i,1,i } from Example 1. b. The octic group D4={ e,,2,3,,,, }.9. Find all homomorphic images of the octic group.If p1,p2,...,pr are distinct primes, prove that any two abelian groups that have order n=p1p2...pr are isomorphic.
- 31. (See Exercise 30.) Prove that if and are primes and is a nonabelian group of order , then the center of is the trivial subgroup . Exercise 30: 30. Let be a group with center . Prove that if is cyclic, then is abelian.15. Assume that can be written as the direct sum , where is a cyclic group of order . Prove that has elements of order but no elements of order greater than Find the number of distinct elements of that have order .Let G be a group with center Z(G)=C. Prove that if G/C is cyclic, then G is abelian.
- Exercises 11. According to Exercise of section, if is prime, the nonzero elements of form a group with respect to multiplication. For each of the following values of , show that this group is cyclic. (Sec. ) a. b. c. d. e. f. 33. a. Let . Show that is a group with respect to multiplication in if and only if is a prime. State the order of . This group is called the group of units in and designated by . b. Construct a multiplication table for the group of all nonzero elements in , and identify the inverse of each element.let Un be the group of units as described in Exercise16. Prove that [ a ]Un if and only if a and n are relatively prime. Exercise16 For an integer n1, let G=Un, the group of units in n that is, the set of all [ a ] in n that have multiplicative inverses. Prove that Un is a group with respect to multiplication.In Exercises 3 and 4, let G be the octic group D4=e,,2,3,,,, in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group D4 of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group D4 are as follows: 1. the identity mapping e=(1) 2. the counterclockwise rotation =(1,2,3,4) through 900 about the center O 3. the counterclockwise rotation 2=(1,3)(2,4) through 1800 about the center O 4. the counterclockwise rotation 3=(1,4,3,2) through 2700 about the center O 5. the reflection =(1,4)(2,3) about the horizontal line h 6. the reflection =(2,4) about the diagonal d1 7. the reflection =(1,2)(3,4) about the vertical line v 8. the reflection =(1,3) about the diagonal d2. The dihedral group D4=e,,2,3,,,, of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for D4 is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
- Exercises 30. For an arbitrary positive integer, prove that any two cyclic groups of order are isomorphic.In Exercises 3 and 4, let be the octic group in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let be the subgroup of the octic group . Find the distinct left cosets of in , write out their elements, partition into left cosets of , and give . Find the distinct right cosets of in , write out their elements, and partition into right cosets of . Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group are as follows: 1. the identity mapping 2. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 3. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 4. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 5. the reflection about the horizontal line 6. the reflection about the diagonal 7. the reflection about the vertical line 8. the reflection about the diagonal . The dihedral group of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.For an integer n1, let G=Un, the group of units in n that is, the set of all [ a ] in n that have multiplicative inverses. Prove that Un is a group with respect to multiplication. (Sec. 3.5,3,6, Sec. 4.6,17). Find an isomorphism from the additive group 4={ [ 0 ]4,[ 1 ]4,[ 2 ]4,[ 3 ]4 } to the multiplicative group of units U5={ [ 1 ]5,[ 2 ]5,[ 3 ]5,[ 4 ]5 }5. Find an isomorphism from the additive group 6={ [ a ]6 } to the multiplicative group of units U7={ [ a ]77[ a ]7[ 0 ]7 }. Repeat Exercise 14 where G is the multiplicative group of units U20 and G is the cyclic group of order 4. That is, G={ [ 1 ],[ 3 ],[ 7 ],[ 9 ],[ 11 ],[ 13 ],[ 17 ],[ 19 ] }, G= a =e,a,a2,a3 Define :GG by ([ 1 ])=([ 11 ])=e ([ 3 ])=([ 13 ])=a ([ 9 ])=([ 19 ])=a2 ([ 7 ])=([ 17 ])=a3.